煙草產(chǎn)地重金屬污染風險評估與遷移特征的研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-10 23:54
【摘要】：目前,土壤污染越來越嚴重,其中重金屬的污染問題尤為嚴峻。土壤中的重金屬經(jīng)過植物根系吸收和體內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)運,最終在植物可利用部分中積累,通過食物鏈進入到人體中,危害人體健康。煙葉中重金屬會伴隨煙氣進入人體,對人體健康構(gòu)成威脅。為了減少煙葉中有害重金屬的含量,對植煙區(qū)土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量的評估和土壤-煙葉重金屬遷移影響因素的研究可以為重金屬污染控制和煙葉安全生產(chǎn)提供科學依據(jù)。本研究以湖南省東部某縣級植煙區(qū)土壤為研究對象,野外定點采集土壤和煙葉樣品。在實驗室分析了土壤、煙葉重金屬含量及土壤相關(guān)參數(shù),對土壤和煙葉重金屬含量進行了污染評價。通過相關(guān)分析研究了土壤有效態(tài)含量及其影響因素�；貧w分析和通徑分析土壤-煙葉重金屬含量的影響因素,擬合了煙葉重金屬預測模型。本文主要結(jié)果：(1)研究區(qū)植煙土壤重金屬Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As、Hg平均含量分別為36.25、82.82、37.66,0.36、12.71、0.27mg·kg-1。利用地統(tǒng)計學方法,研究植煙區(qū)土壤重金屬空間分布特征為Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd為東北煙區(qū)土壤重金屬含量比西南煙區(qū)重金屬含量高,As和Hg呈斑點狀分布。以國家土壤環(huán)境二級標準和湖南省土壤重金屬背景值為參考,利用單因子指數(shù)法得到的結(jié)果為植煙區(qū)土壤主要受到Cd污染,其次為Hg、Cu和Pb、Zn和As屬于清潔水平；潛在生態(tài)風險系數(shù)法分析結(jié)果表明植煙區(qū)土壤重金屬Cu、Zn、Pb和As基本未受污染,Cd和Hg有較強生態(tài)風險。(2)研究區(qū)土壤有效態(tài)Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As和Hg平均含量分別為12.21、17.34、10.71、0.23、1.46和0.061mg·kg-1。研究區(qū)植煙土壤Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As和Hg的生物有效性系數(shù)分別為32.4%、19.8%、26.7%、54.1%、11.8%和24.9%。生物有效性系數(shù)大小依次為CdCuPbHgZnAs。 Cd的生物有效性系數(shù)最大,說明土壤中Cd的潛在生態(tài)危害最大。土壤重金屬全量和有效態(tài)含量有一定的正相關(guān)性。土壤pH、陽離子交換量、總Ca、總Mg、總Fe與重金屬生物有效性呈負相關(guān)。土壤有機質(zhì)、氯離子、總氮、有效態(tài)Fe、交換態(tài)Ca、交換Mg與重金屬生物有效性呈正相關(guān)。(3)研究區(qū)煙葉中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As和Hg含量平均值分別為11.34 mg·kg-1, 105.59mg·kg-1、3.58 mg·kg-1、8.29 mg·kg-1、0.94mg·kg-1和0.125 mg·kg-1。單因子污染評價顯示研究區(qū)煙葉Cd超標嚴重,超標率分別為Cd(88.21%),富集系數(shù)大小依次為CdZnHgCuPbAs o相關(guān)性分析表明,煙葉土壤重金屬含量本身及其有效態(tài)含量、pH、有機質(zhì)、陽離子交換量、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、總磷及其有效態(tài)含量是影響煙葉吸收重金屬的主要因素,土壤pH值、陽離子交換量、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn對重金屬向煙草遷移有抑制作用。重金屬全量及其有效態(tài)含量、有效Fe、交換態(tài)Ca、交換態(tài)Mg、有機質(zhì)、氯離子含量對重金屬向煙草遷移有促進作用。通過多元線性回歸分析法得到煙葉重金屬遷移累積量與土壤重金屬和土壤理化性質(zhì)等環(huán)境因子的定量模型,結(jié)果表明,除了As和Hg外,擬合模型相關(guān)系數(shù)呈極顯著。
[Abstract]:At present, soil pollution is becoming more and more serious, especially heavy metal pollution. Heavy metals in soil are absorbed by plant roots and transported in vivo, and finally accumulate in the available parts of plants and enter the human body through the food chain, which is harmful to human health. Heavy metals in tobacco leaves will be accompanied by smoke into the human body, posing a threat to human health. In order to reduce the content of harmful heavy metals in tobacco leaves, the assessment of soil environmental quality in tobacco growing areas and the study on the influencing factors of heavy metal transport between soil and tobacco leaves can provide scientific basis for heavy metal pollution control and safe production of tobacco leaves. In this study, soil and tobacco leaf samples were collected in a county-level tobacco planting area in eastern Hunan Province. The content of heavy metals in soil and tobacco leaves and related parameters were analyzed in laboratory, and the pollution of heavy metals in soil and tobacco leaves was evaluated. The content of soil available state and its influencing factors were studied by correlation analysis. Regression analysis and path analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of heavy metal content in soil and tobacco leaves, and the prediction model of heavy metals in tobacco leaves was fitted. The main results are as follows: (1) the average content of heavy metal Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,As,Hg in tobacco planting soil is 36.25, 82.82, 37.6, 12.71, 0.27mg kg-1., respectively. The spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in tobacco growing areas were studied by geostatistics. The spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soils in tobacco growing areas were as follows: the contents of heavy metals in soils in northeast tobacco areas were higher than those in southwest tobacco areas, and As and Hg were punctate distribution. Based on the national secondary standard of soil environment and the background value of heavy metals in Hunan Province, the results obtained by single factor index method showed that the soil in tobacco planting area was mainly polluted by Cd, followed by Hg,Cu, Pb,Zn and As. The results of potential ecological risk coefficient method showed that heavy metals Cu,Zn,Pb and As in tobacco growing area were basically unpolluted, and Cd and Hg had strong ecological risk. (2) soil available Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd, in the study area. (2) soil available Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd, The average contents of As and Hg were 12.21, 17.34, 10.71, 0.23, 1.46 and 0.061mg kg-1., respectively. The bioavailability coefficients of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,As and Hg were 32.4%, 19.8%, 26.7%, 54.1%, 11.8% and 24.9%, respectively. The bioavailability coefficient is CdCuPbHgZnAs. in turn. The bioavailability coefficient of Cd is the largest, which indicates that Cd has the greatest potential ecological harm in soil. There is a positive correlation between the total amount of heavy metals in soil and the content of available state. Soil pH, cation exchange capacity and total Ca, total Mg, total Fe were negatively correlated with bioavailability of heavy metals. Soil organic matter, chlorine ion, total nitrogen and available Fe, exchange Mg were positively correlated with the bioavailability of heavy metals. (3) the average contents of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,As and Hg in tobacco leaves in the study area were 11.34 mg kg-1, respectively. 105.59mg kg-1,3.58 mg kg-1,8.29 mg kg-1, 0.94mg kg-1 and 0.125 mg kg-1. The single factor pollution evaluation showed that the Cd of tobacco leaves in the study area exceeded the standard seriously, the exceeding standard rate was Cd (88.21%), and the enrichment coefficient was CdZnHgCuPbAs o correlation analysis. The results showed that the content of heavy metals in tobacco soil and its available content, pH, Organic matter, cation exchange capacity, Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn, total phosphorus and its available content are the main factors affecting the absorption of heavy metals by tobacco leaves. Soil pH value, cation exchange capacity and Ca,Mg,Fe, are the main factors affecting the absorption of heavy metals by tobacco leaves. Mn can inhibit the migration of heavy metals to tobacco. The total amount of heavy metals and their effective content, effective Fe, exchange Ca, exchange Mg, organic matter and chloride ion content can promote the migration of heavy metals to tobacco. The quantitative models of heavy metal migration accumulation in tobacco leaves and environmental factors such as soil heavy metals and soil physical and chemical properties were obtained by multivariate linear regression analysis. The results showed that except As and Hg, the correlation coefficient of the fitting model was very significant.
【學位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X820.4
[Abstract]:At present, soil pollution is becoming more and more serious, especially heavy metal pollution. Heavy metals in soil are absorbed by plant roots and transported in vivo, and finally accumulate in the available parts of plants and enter the human body through the food chain, which is harmful to human health. Heavy metals in tobacco leaves will be accompanied by smoke into the human body, posing a threat to human health. In order to reduce the content of harmful heavy metals in tobacco leaves, the assessment of soil environmental quality in tobacco growing areas and the study on the influencing factors of heavy metal transport between soil and tobacco leaves can provide scientific basis for heavy metal pollution control and safe production of tobacco leaves. In this study, soil and tobacco leaf samples were collected in a county-level tobacco planting area in eastern Hunan Province. The content of heavy metals in soil and tobacco leaves and related parameters were analyzed in laboratory, and the pollution of heavy metals in soil and tobacco leaves was evaluated. The content of soil available state and its influencing factors were studied by correlation analysis. Regression analysis and path analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of heavy metal content in soil and tobacco leaves, and the prediction model of heavy metals in tobacco leaves was fitted. The main results are as follows: (1) the average content of heavy metal Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,As,Hg in tobacco planting soil is 36.25, 82.82, 37.6, 12.71, 0.27mg kg-1., respectively. The spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in tobacco growing areas were studied by geostatistics. The spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soils in tobacco growing areas were as follows: the contents of heavy metals in soils in northeast tobacco areas were higher than those in southwest tobacco areas, and As and Hg were punctate distribution. Based on the national secondary standard of soil environment and the background value of heavy metals in Hunan Province, the results obtained by single factor index method showed that the soil in tobacco planting area was mainly polluted by Cd, followed by Hg,Cu, Pb,Zn and As. The results of potential ecological risk coefficient method showed that heavy metals Cu,Zn,Pb and As in tobacco growing area were basically unpolluted, and Cd and Hg had strong ecological risk. (2) soil available Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd, in the study area. (2) soil available Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd, The average contents of As and Hg were 12.21, 17.34, 10.71, 0.23, 1.46 and 0.061mg kg-1., respectively. The bioavailability coefficients of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,As and Hg were 32.4%, 19.8%, 26.7%, 54.1%, 11.8% and 24.9%, respectively. The bioavailability coefficient is CdCuPbHgZnAs. in turn. The bioavailability coefficient of Cd is the largest, which indicates that Cd has the greatest potential ecological harm in soil. There is a positive correlation between the total amount of heavy metals in soil and the content of available state. Soil pH, cation exchange capacity and total Ca, total Mg, total Fe were negatively correlated with bioavailability of heavy metals. Soil organic matter, chlorine ion, total nitrogen and available Fe, exchange Mg were positively correlated with the bioavailability of heavy metals. (3) the average contents of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,As and Hg in tobacco leaves in the study area were 11.34 mg kg-1, respectively. 105.59mg kg-1,3.58 mg kg-1,8.29 mg kg-1, 0.94mg kg-1 and 0.125 mg kg-1. The single factor pollution evaluation showed that the Cd of tobacco leaves in the study area exceeded the standard seriously, the exceeding standard rate was Cd (88.21%), and the enrichment coefficient was CdZnHgCuPbAs o correlation analysis. The results showed that the content of heavy metals in tobacco soil and its available content, pH, Organic matter, cation exchange capacity, Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn, total phosphorus and its available content are the main factors affecting the absorption of heavy metals by tobacco leaves. Soil pH value, cation exchange capacity and Ca,Mg,Fe, are the main factors affecting the absorption of heavy metals by tobacco leaves. Mn can inhibit the migration of heavy metals to tobacco. The total amount of heavy metals and their effective content, effective Fe, exchange Ca, exchange Mg, organic matter and chloride ion content can promote the migration of heavy metals to tobacco. The quantitative models of heavy metal migration accumulation in tobacco leaves and environmental factors such as soil heavy metals and soil physical and chemical properties were obtained by multivariate linear regression analysis. The results showed that except As and Hg, the correlation coefficient of the fitting model was very significant.
【學位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X820.4
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2 王春香;徐宸;許安定;陳玉成;楊志敏;楊超;;植煙土壤重金屬的有效性及影響因素研究[J];農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學學報;2014年08期
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