脫墨污泥中重金屬的電動學去除研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-08 08:18
【摘要】：廢紙資源的利用越來越受到人們的高度重視,由于脫墨污泥中內(nèi)含有重金屬元素造成了生態(tài)安全隱患。本論文利用電動學方法強化去除脫墨污泥中的重金屬。分別嘗試對比了檸檬酸、磷酸、倒極NTA絡(luò)合、可滲透反應(yīng)墻催化、倒極、陽極靠近、倒極+電滲析等不同體系實時檢測實驗參數(shù)和最終去除效果,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了倒極+電滲析循環(huán)的綜合處理技術(shù),結(jié)果表明這是一種能耗小,污染少,成本低,持續(xù)有效去除多種重金屬離子的理想電動學方法。在檸檬酸CITRIC體系中Zn的去除率71%。并且發(fā)現(xiàn)最難去除的區(qū)域不是最直接靠近陰極區(qū)域的4區(qū),而是在污泥中間區(qū)域的偏陰極部分,并且發(fā)現(xiàn)部分金屬如鉛絡(luò)合后絡(luò)合基團離子帶負電朝陽極方向遷移富集。在磷酸POSPHATE體系中發(fā)現(xiàn)磷酸與Cd形成的鹽類物質(zhì)溶解度低,去除效果較差。雖然磷酸可以在反應(yīng)啟動時可以給整個污泥環(huán)境提供酸性更強的重金屬活化破解釋放效果,但并非所有的重金屬在所有區(qū)域都會得到降低去除,部分區(qū)域的污泥仍然會在處理后產(chǎn)生局部富集。NTA絡(luò)合體系中Pb最難去除(17%),Zn去除效果最高(82%)。對比后發(fā)現(xiàn)Pb的去除率瓶頸在靠近陰極區(qū)域污泥的可提取態(tài)上,這說明控制陰極的pH對于NTA絡(luò)合實驗尤為重要,而其他大多重金屬去除瓶頸在3區(qū)污泥�？蓾B透反應(yīng)墻催化體系PEB實驗中將Cd富集超原污泥4%,Cr去除78%。發(fā)現(xiàn)還原鐵粉可以使得整個實驗過程中pH變化更為溫和,電導率變化范圍變小,使得整個污泥室pH環(huán)境易于可控、較為理想的狀態(tài)。倒極體系RERESAL實驗中只能將Cd去除26%,而Zn的去除率達到了所有實驗最高水平86%,這說明靈活多變的電遷移方向、不同區(qū)域倒極pH變化可以提高Zn、Mn、Pb、Cr等易遷移絡(luò)合元素的去除率。陽極靠近APPROACHING實驗可將大多金屬去除率保持在50%以上的較高水品,同時更大面積的降低了污泥pH,提高污泥破解效果。但是也帶來了陽極腐蝕的成本問題,另外由于背離陽極靠近方向的污泥在陽極靠近后并沒有采取隔離措施,所以導致其區(qū)域重金屬去除率較低。綜合六次實驗后提出的倒極+電滲析RECCYCLE實驗既可以很好地平衡污泥室內(nèi)的pH環(huán)境,并且增加電導率,提高例如置換陰極液的提取重金屬效率,重金屬去除率也達到了較為滿意的水平。展望未來,電滲析循環(huán)濃縮處理提取液是一種節(jié)省成本、便于場地修復的可行技術(shù),但是其重金屬濃縮效果和半透膜污染防堵的細節(jié)還需進一步控制和挖掘。
[Abstract]:The utilization of waste paper resources has been paid more and more attention, and the hidden danger of ecological security is caused by the heavy metal elements in deinking sludge. In this paper, electrokinetic method was used to strengthen the removal of heavy metals from deinked sludge. The experimental parameters and final removal efficiency of citric acid, phosphate, inverted NTA complexation, permeable reaction wall catalysis, inverted electrode, anode proximity, inverted electrode electrodialysis and other different systems were compared. On this basis, the comprehensive treatment technology of inverted electrode electrodialysis cycle is put forward. The results show that it is an ideal electrokinetic method for the removal of many kinds of heavy metal ions continuously and effectively, which has the advantages of low energy consumption, less pollution, low cost and continuous and effective removal. The removal rate of Zn in citric acid CITRIC system is 71%. It is found that the most difficult region is not the four regions which are closest to the cathode region most directly, but the partial cathode part in the middle region of the sludge, and it is found that some metals, such as lead complex group ion bands, migrate and enrich negatively in the direction of the anode. In the phosphate POSPHATE system, it is found that the solubility of the salt formed by phosphate and Cd is low and the removal effect is poor. Although phosphate can provide more acidic activation and release of heavy metals to the whole sludge environment at the start of the reaction, not all heavy metals will be reduced and removed in all areas. The sludge in some areas will still be locally enriched after treatment. Pb is the most difficult to remove in NTA complex system (17%), Zn removal efficiency is the highest (82%). After comparison, it is found that the bottleneck of Pb removal rate is in the extractable state of sludge near the cathode area, which indicates that the control of cathode pH is particularly important for NTA complexation experiment, while most of the other heavy metal removal bottlenecks are in area 3 sludge. In the PEB experiment of permeable reaction wall catalytic system, Cd was enriched in 4% of the raw sludge and 78% of the Cr was removed. It is found that reducing iron powder can make the change of pH more mild and the range of conductivity smaller in the whole experiment process, which makes the pH environment of the whole sludge chamber easy to control and ideal. In the reverse electrode system RERESAL experiment, only 26% of Cd can be removed, and the removal rate of Zn reaches the highest level of 86% in all experiments, which indicates that the flexible electromigration direction and the change of reverse pole pH in different regions can improve Zn,Mn,Pb,. The removal rate of easily migrated complex elements such as Cr. The anode near APPROACHING experiment can keep the removal rate of most metals above 50% of the higher water products, and at the same time, the sludge pH, can be reduced in a larger area to improve the sludge cracking effect. However, it also brings the cost of anode corrosion. In addition, the sludge which deviates from the direction of anode proximity does not take isolation measures after the anode approaches, so the removal rate of heavy metals in the area is low. The inverted electrodialysis RECCYCLE experiment proposed after six experiments can not only balance the pH environment in the sludge chamber, but also increase the conductivity and improve the efficiency of heavy metal extraction, for example, replacing the cathode solution. The removal rate of heavy metals has also reached a satisfactory level. Looking forward to the future, electrodialysis cycle concentration treatment of extract is a feasible technology to save cost and facilitate site repair, but its heavy metal concentration effect and the details of semi-permeable membrane fouling and blocking prevention need to be further controlled and excavated.
【學位授予單位】：廣西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703
本文編號：2495141
[Abstract]:The utilization of waste paper resources has been paid more and more attention, and the hidden danger of ecological security is caused by the heavy metal elements in deinking sludge. In this paper, electrokinetic method was used to strengthen the removal of heavy metals from deinked sludge. The experimental parameters and final removal efficiency of citric acid, phosphate, inverted NTA complexation, permeable reaction wall catalysis, inverted electrode, anode proximity, inverted electrode electrodialysis and other different systems were compared. On this basis, the comprehensive treatment technology of inverted electrode electrodialysis cycle is put forward. The results show that it is an ideal electrokinetic method for the removal of many kinds of heavy metal ions continuously and effectively, which has the advantages of low energy consumption, less pollution, low cost and continuous and effective removal. The removal rate of Zn in citric acid CITRIC system is 71%. It is found that the most difficult region is not the four regions which are closest to the cathode region most directly, but the partial cathode part in the middle region of the sludge, and it is found that some metals, such as lead complex group ion bands, migrate and enrich negatively in the direction of the anode. In the phosphate POSPHATE system, it is found that the solubility of the salt formed by phosphate and Cd is low and the removal effect is poor. Although phosphate can provide more acidic activation and release of heavy metals to the whole sludge environment at the start of the reaction, not all heavy metals will be reduced and removed in all areas. The sludge in some areas will still be locally enriched after treatment. Pb is the most difficult to remove in NTA complex system (17%), Zn removal efficiency is the highest (82%). After comparison, it is found that the bottleneck of Pb removal rate is in the extractable state of sludge near the cathode area, which indicates that the control of cathode pH is particularly important for NTA complexation experiment, while most of the other heavy metal removal bottlenecks are in area 3 sludge. In the PEB experiment of permeable reaction wall catalytic system, Cd was enriched in 4% of the raw sludge and 78% of the Cr was removed. It is found that reducing iron powder can make the change of pH more mild and the range of conductivity smaller in the whole experiment process, which makes the pH environment of the whole sludge chamber easy to control and ideal. In the reverse electrode system RERESAL experiment, only 26% of Cd can be removed, and the removal rate of Zn reaches the highest level of 86% in all experiments, which indicates that the flexible electromigration direction and the change of reverse pole pH in different regions can improve Zn,Mn,Pb,. The removal rate of easily migrated complex elements such as Cr. The anode near APPROACHING experiment can keep the removal rate of most metals above 50% of the higher water products, and at the same time, the sludge pH, can be reduced in a larger area to improve the sludge cracking effect. However, it also brings the cost of anode corrosion. In addition, the sludge which deviates from the direction of anode proximity does not take isolation measures after the anode approaches, so the removal rate of heavy metals in the area is low. The inverted electrodialysis RECCYCLE experiment proposed after six experiments can not only balance the pH environment in the sludge chamber, but also increase the conductivity and improve the efficiency of heavy metal extraction, for example, replacing the cathode solution. The removal rate of heavy metals has also reached a satisfactory level. Looking forward to the future, electrodialysis cycle concentration treatment of extract is a feasible technology to save cost and facilitate site repair, but its heavy metal concentration effect and the details of semi-permeable membrane fouling and blocking prevention need to be further controlled and excavated.
【學位授予單位】：廣西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703
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