【摘要】：水資源是地區(qū)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要保障。流域內(nèi)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展使得河道內(nèi)(水電站)及河道外用水需求不斷增加,以及生活、生產(chǎn)、生態(tài)用水分配不當(dāng),破壞了河道內(nèi)自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)需水平衡,常導(dǎo)致河流最小生態(tài)流量得不到有效保障,水資源環(huán)境管理者正面臨著如何恢復(fù)、保護(hù)與維持河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康,引導(dǎo)河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)良性演化等一系列重大水生態(tài)安全問題。遼河流域作為我國北方重點(diǎn)流域,也具有較多水資源及水生態(tài)安全問題。本文結(jié)合遼寧省遼河流域水生態(tài)功能三級分區(qū)方案,對遼寧省遼河流域主要河流生態(tài)流量進(jìn)行了研究,以期能夠?yàn)檫|河流域水資源配置和水生態(tài)安全問題提供理論支持與決策依據(jù)。1)利用遼河流域水文數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行水文情勢分析及繪制水文頻率曲線(皮爾遜Ⅲ型分布型),得出遼河流域徑流量年際變化及年內(nèi)季節(jié)性特征,并結(jié)合氣候、地形、植被以及土地利用類型等影響因素,對遼寧省遼河流域內(nèi)主要子流域水生態(tài)功能管理建設(shè)提供決策依據(jù)。2)通過與Tennant法的比較驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明月保證率法普適性較之魚類生境法更好,而魚類生境法可能更適用于集水面積大且受人為影響較小河段。結(jié)合兩種方法的特點(diǎn),將流域水文特征以及關(guān)鍵水生生物生境要求耦合在不同等級生態(tài)流量中,強(qiáng)調(diào)水文與生態(tài)之間的聯(lián)系,可準(zhǔn)確計(jì)算遼河流域內(nèi)河流生態(tài)流量閾值。3)遼河流域主要河流不同等級生態(tài)流量值介于多年平均天然徑流量的12%~64.6%。從水資源角度考慮,遼河中下游河道外水資源利用率最高上限應(yīng)不超過88%,尤其是對于建有水利水電工程項(xiàng)目河段,至少應(yīng)保證12%的年徑流量作為生態(tài)流量以確保河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康穩(wěn)定;結(jié)合水質(zhì)要求及遼河流域水資源開發(fā)利用閾值研究,保障流域水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康安全穩(wěn)定,遼河流域河道外用水(農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)、生活用水)比重應(yīng)低于35.4%。
[Abstract]:Water resources are an important guarantee for regional social and economic development. With the rapid development of society and economy in the river basin, the demand for water used in and outside the river is increasing, and the distribution of water for life, production and ecological water is improper, which destroys the balance of water demand of the natural ecosystem in the river. As a result, the minimum ecological flow of rivers can not be effectively guaranteed. Water resources environmental managers are facing a series of major water ecological security problems, such as how to restore, protect and maintain the health of river ecosystems, and guide the benign evolution of river ecosystems. Liaohe River Basin, as a key basin in northern China, also has more water resources and water ecological security problems. Based on the three-level zoning scheme of water ecological function in Liaohe River Basin of Liaoning Province, this paper studies the ecological flow of the main rivers in Liaohe River Basin of Liaoning Province. In order to provide theoretical support and decision-making basis for the allocation of water resources and water ecological security in Liaohe River Basin. 1) the hydrological situation analysis and hydrological frequency curve (Pearson III distribution pattern) are carried out by using hydrological data in Liaohe River Basin. The interannual variation and seasonal characteristics of runoff in Liaohe River Basin are obtained, and the influencing factors such as climate, topography, vegetation and land use type are combined. To provide decision-making basis for the construction of water ecological function management in the main sub-basins of Liaohe River Basin in Liaoning Province. 2) compared with Tennant method, the results show that the universality of monthly guarantee rate method is better than that of fish habitat method. The fish habitat method may be more suitable for the small reach with large water harvesting area and artificial influence. Combined with the characteristics of the two methods, the hydrological characteristics of the basin and the requirements of key aquatic living habitats are coupled in different levels of ecological flow, and the relationship between hydrological and ecological is emphasized. The ecological flow threshold of rivers in Liaohe River Basin can be calculated accurately. 3) the ecological discharge values of different grades of main rivers in Liaohe River Basin are 12% 鈮，

本文編號：2492939