【摘要】：長期以來,湘江干流的水污染治理雖然取得了一定的成果,但是遠未達到預期效果,其重要原因是湘江干流水污染治理不僅需要政府間的跨域協(xié)同治理,更需要民主式的公眾參與。公眾參與有助于彌補政府單一治理的缺陷,如何構建和完善長效的水污染治理中的公眾參與機制成為了一個舉足輕重的課題。政府如果得不到公眾的認可和參與,就會成為“無士兵的將軍”,如果沒有一個完善而系統(tǒng)的公眾參與機制,公眾也就不能有效、有序的參與,水污染治理也只能達到事倍功半的效果。國內(nèi)外學者已經(jīng)對公眾參與水污染治理的很多內(nèi)容做了研究,但他們的研究都是零散的、碎片化的,多是從公眾參與水污染治理的理論基礎、層次、渠道、制度和法律保障等方面進行研究,缺少對水污染治理中的公眾參與機制的系統(tǒng)化研究。本文認為水污染治理中的公眾參與機制構建不應是零散的,而是一個包括參與動力機制、參與保障機制和參與運行實現(xiàn)機制在內(nèi)的系統(tǒng)。因此,本文將重點從公眾參與機制的動力、保障和運行實現(xiàn)三個方面,嘗試構建水污染治理中公眾參與的機制。本文以湘江干流水污染治理中的公眾參與為研究對象,借鑒參與式民主理論,通過對湘江干流水污染治理中公眾參與機制的相關文獻綜述研究,且在概念界定和相關理論分析的基礎上,對公眾參與湘江干流水污染治理的現(xiàn)狀進行分析,通過規(guī)范分析和實證分析相結合的方法探討湘江干流水污染治理中公眾參與存在的問題及原因分析,最后提出了完善湘江干流水污染治理中公眾參與機制的對策。文章的主要觀點：水污染治理中的公眾參與機制應包括動力機制、保障機制和運行實現(xiàn)機制。湘江干流水污染治理中的公眾參與機制在動力機制方面存在意識不高、自主性低等內(nèi)在推動力不足和參與型文化的缺乏等外在拉動力不足等問題；在保障機制上存在著現(xiàn)有法律文件模糊,缺乏相關制度保障等問題；在運行實現(xiàn)機制上存在著參與主體界定不清且責任缺乏,參與客體狹窄、公眾參與方式單一、參與過程間斷、缺乏全程參與、參與結果差異大等問題。其主要原因有：傳統(tǒng)思想和政治文化的制約；法規(guī)制度和管理體系不完善；政府一元治污模式制約著公眾、專家和其他組織的合作和溝通；組織化發(fā)展水平低等。為此,應通過以下策略和措施,完善水污染治理中的公眾參與機制：一是塑造參與型文化理念；二是增強環(huán)境教育培訓；三是加強公眾參與的組織保障和制度保障；四是重視公眾參與選擇,有效組織參與過程；拓寬公眾參與的渠道,提高參與程度；建立政府、公眾和民間環(huán)保組織多元協(xié)作治理模式。系統(tǒng)有效的公眾參與機制,是水污染預防與治理的有力保障。
[Abstract]:For a long time, although some achievements have been made in the treatment of water pollution in the main stream of the Xiangjiang River, it is far from achieving the desired results. The important reason is that the water pollution control of the main stream of the Xiangjiang River not only needs cross-regional and coordinated management between the governments. There is a greater need for democratic public participation. Public participation helps to make up for the defects of single government governance, how to construct and improve the long-term public participation mechanism in water pollution control has become an important issue. If the government is not recognized and participated by the public, it will become a "general without soldiers". Without a sound and systematic mechanism for public participation, the public will not be able to participate effectively and in an orderly manner. Water pollution control can only achieve twice the result with half the effort. Scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research on public participation in water pollution control, but their research is scattered and fragmented, mostly from the theoretical basis, level and channels of public participation in water pollution control. There is a lack of systematic research on the mechanism of public participation in water pollution control. This paper holds that the construction of public participation mechanism in water pollution control should not be scattered, but a system including participation dynamic mechanism, participation guarantee mechanism and participation realization mechanism. Therefore, this paper will try to construct the mechanism of public participation in water pollution control from three aspects: the motive force of public participation mechanism, the guarantee and the realization of operation. This paper takes the public participation in the treatment of water pollution in the main stream of Xiangjiang River as the research object, draws lessons from the theory of participatory democracy, and reviews the relevant literature on the mechanism of public participation in the treatment of water pollution in the main stream of Xiangjiang River. On the basis of concept definition and related theoretical analysis, this paper analyzes the present situation of public participation in the treatment of water pollution in the main stream of Xiangjiang River. Through the combination of normative analysis and empirical analysis, this paper probes into the problems and causes of public participation in the treatment of water pollution in the main stream of Xiangjiang River, and finally puts forward some countermeasures for perfecting the mechanism of public participation in the treatment of water pollution in the main stream of Xiangjiang River. The main point of view of this paper is that the mechanism of public participation in water pollution control should include dynamic mechanism, guarantee mechanism and operation realization mechanism. There are some problems in the mechanism of public participation in the treatment of water pollution in the main stream of Xiangjiang River, such as low consciousness, low autonomy and lack of external pulling power, such as the lack of external driving force and the lack of participating culture. There are some problems in the guarantee mechanism, such as the ambiguity of the existing legal documents, the lack of relevant institutional protection and so on. In the operation and realization mechanism, there are some problems, such as unclear definition of the subject of participation and lack of responsibility, narrow object of participation, single mode of public participation, discontinuity of participation process, lack of participation in the whole process, great difference in participation results, and so on. The main reasons are: the restriction of traditional ideology and political culture; the imperfect legal system and management system; the government monistic pollution control model restricts the cooperation and communication of the public, experts and other organizations; and the low level of organizational development. Therefore, the following strategies and measures should be adopted to improve the mechanism of public participation in water pollution control: first, to shape the concept of participating culture; second, to strengthen environmental education and training; third, to strengthen the organizational security and institutional guarantee of public participation; Fourth, we should attach importance to the choice of public participation, effectively organize the participation process, broaden the channels of public participation and improve the degree of participation, and establish a pluralistic cooperative governance model among the government, the public and private environmental protection organizations. Systematic and effective public participation mechanism is a powerful guarantee for water pollution prevention and control.
【學位授予單位】：廣西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X522

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