山地城市次級河流自然復(fù)氧技術(shù)試驗研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-29 15:50
【摘要】：重慶市地處長江上游,其所轄大部分地區(qū)位于三峽庫區(qū),市域內(nèi)有眾多次級河流匯入長江。因此,改善并保持重慶市次級河流的水環(huán)境對于三峽庫區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境十分重要。目前,重慶市次級河流水環(huán)境的治理取得了重大成效,如何保持次級河流的水環(huán)境成為人們關(guān)心的問題。伏牛溪位于重慶市大渡口區(qū),為長江的次級河流,具有典型的山地城市河流特點。經(jīng)過前期的綜合整治,伏牛溪水環(huán)境質(zhì)量有了很大的提升,但部分滯留區(qū)仍存在富營養(yǎng)化現(xiàn)象,水體溶解氧含量整體偏低。水體溶解氧含量對于維持河道自凈能力十分重要,結(jié)合山地城市坡降大的特征,采取經(jīng)濟、高效的措施為河流復(fù)氧具有十分重要的意義。對伏牛溪現(xiàn)場進行了勘查,調(diào)查分析了污染現(xiàn)狀,提出利用伏牛溪原有水壩的局部摻氣特性為河道復(fù)氧。在伏牛溪鐵路橋構(gòu)建了試驗裝置,對影響溢流壩復(fù)氧能力的關(guān)鍵因素進行了試驗研究,研究得到了示范工程建設(shè)所需的關(guān)鍵設(shè)計參數(shù)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,在伏牛溪構(gòu)建了自然復(fù)氧示范工程,系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定運行后,對其復(fù)氧效果及污染物去除效果進行了研究分析。主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下:開展了伏牛溪污染現(xiàn)狀的調(diào)查分析,調(diào)查結(jié)果表明:伏牛溪主要有兩個排污口,均為合流制。降雨期間,雨污水溢流進入河道,對河流形成了一定的污染。據(jù)長期觀測,1#排污口的平均流量為0.135m3/s,最大流量值為0.974m3/s,NH4+-N、TN、BOD5、TP排放均值分別為8.5mg/L、12.5mg/L、23.5mg/L、0.98mg/L。2#排污口的平均流量為0.1m3/s,最大流量值為0.894m3/s,NH4+-N、TN、BOD5、TP排放均值分別為3.85mg/L、12.5mg/L、12.8mg/L、0.68mg/L。經(jīng)過前期的綜合治理,流域水環(huán)境質(zhì)量有很大提升,對伏牛溪典型彎道滯留區(qū)B01和典型壩前滯留區(qū)B02監(jiān)測結(jié)果表明,相對于《地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量標準(GB3838-2002)》中的Ⅴ類水標準,各采樣點NH4+-N、CODMn達標率較高,TP達標率一般,而TN達標率非常低,此外,B02點較B01點污染物濃度更高。開展了溢流壩中試試驗研究,試驗結(jié)果表明:(1)階梯型溢流面較光滑型溢流面復(fù)氧效率更高,在流量Q=6L/min,坡度θ=60°的情況下,光滑型溢流面(n=0)復(fù)氧效率均值為0.05,而階梯型溢流面復(fù)氧效率均值分別為0.06(n=5)、0.14(n=10)、0.19(n=15),各階梯數(shù)的階梯溢流面復(fù)氧效率均高于光滑型溢流面。(2)壩高、流量、坡度為定值的情況下,復(fù)氧效率E隨階梯數(shù)n的增加而升高。在流量Q=6L/min,坡角θ=75°的情況下,復(fù)氧效率分別為0.08(n=5)、0.23(n=10)、0.28(n=15)。(3)壩高、流量為定值的情況下,溢流壩復(fù)氧效率隨坡度θ的增加呈先增后降的趨勢,峰值出現(xiàn)在坡角為75°左右,水流自由垂直跌落(θ=90°)復(fù)氧效果最差。在流量Q=12L/min的情況下,復(fù)氧效率先從0.12(θ=45°)升高到0.16(θ=75°),然后又降至0.05(θ=90°)。開展了自然復(fù)氧示范工程復(fù)氧效果及水質(zhì)凈化效果的試驗研究,示范工程由3座溢流壩串聯(lián)而成。其中,壩1坡度、階梯數(shù)分別為:65°、28階,壩2坡度、階梯數(shù)分別為:70°、24階,壩3坡度、階梯數(shù)分別為:65°、13階。試驗結(jié)果表明:水壩的復(fù)氧效果受季節(jié)的影響而表現(xiàn)出不同的特征。夏季陰雨天或冬季枯水期,壩頂DO含量均值為6.27mg/L,水流過壩后,水體DO含量升高,水壩復(fù)氧效果顯著。而夏季晴天,壩頂DO含量均值為13.13mg/L,水流過壩后,水體DO含量降低,水壩未能復(fù)氧反而釋氧。自然復(fù)氧系統(tǒng)對水體中的NH4+-N、CODMn、葉綠素a有一定的去除效果,進、出水NH4+-N濃度分別為0.52mg/L、0.38mg/L,進、出水CODMn濃度分別為7.56mg/L、5.66mg/L,進、出水葉綠素a濃度分別為0.062mg/L、0.042mg/L。系統(tǒng)對TN、TP沒有去除效果。示范工程良好的運行效果表明,充分利用河道水工構(gòu)筑物的局部摻氣特性為河流復(fù)氧,從而降低水體污染物濃度是可行的�？傊�,結(jié)合山地城市河流坡降大的特點,采用自然復(fù)氧技術(shù)改善河流水環(huán)境是經(jīng)濟、有效的措施之一,研究成果可為類似的山地河流水質(zhì)改善提供參考。
[Abstract]:Chongqing is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and most of its areas are located in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Therefore, it is very important to improve and maintain the water environment of the secondary river in Chongqing. At present, the management of the secondary river water environment in Chongqing has made great achievements, and how to keep the water environment of the secondary river becomes a concern. The Fu Nixi is located in the Dadu District of Chongqing. It is the secondary river of the Yangtze River, and has the characteristics of the typical mountainous city. After the comprehensive treatment in the early stage, the environment quality of the Voxi water has been greatly improved, but some of the stagnant areas still have the eutrophication phenomenon, and the dissolved oxygen content of the water body is relatively low. The dissolved oxygen content of the water body is very important to maintain the self-cleaning ability of the river channel, and in combination with the characteristics of the large slope of the mountain city, it is of great significance to adopt the measures of economy and high efficiency as the river reoxygenation. On the basis of the investigation and analysis of the current situation of pollution, the local aeration characteristics of the original dam of the Voxi River were put forward to study the reoxygenation of the river course. The key factors that influence the reoxygenation capacity of the spillway dam were studied and the key design parameters required for the demonstration project were studied. On the basis of this, the study and analysis of the effect of complex oxygen and the effect of pollutant removal were carried out on the basis of the construction of the natural reoxygenation demonstration project in the Voxi River. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: The investigation and analysis of the present situation of the pollution of the Voxi River are carried out. The results of the investigation show that there are two sewage outlets in the Fu Nixi River. During the rainfall, the rain sewage overflows into the river, and has a certain pollution to the river. According to the long-term observation, the average flow rate of the 1 # outlet is 0.135 m3/ s, the maximum flow value is 0.974 m3/ s, the mean value of NH4 +-N, TN, BOD5 and TP is 8.5 mg/ L, 12.5 mg/ L, 23.5 mg/ L and 0.98 mg/ L. The average flow rate of the sewage outlet at the 2 # outlet is 0.1 m3/ s, the maximum flow value is 0.894 m3/ s, the NH 4 +-N, TN, BOD5, and TP emission mean are 3.85 mg/ L, 12.5 mg/ L, 12.8 mg/ L and 0.68 mg/ L, respectively. Through the comprehensive treatment in the early stage, the water environment quality of the river basin is greatly improved, and the monitoring results of the B02 and the B02 in the typical curve retention area B01 and the typical dam of the Voxi River show that the sampling points of NH4 +-N and CODMn are higher relative to the Class V water standard in the quality standard of the surface water environment (GB3838-2002)>. The TP removal rate is generally, and the TN removal rate is very low. In addition, the concentration of the B02 point is higher than that of the B01 point. The experimental results of the pilot-scale test of the overflow dam show that: (1) The double-oxygen efficiency of the step-type overflow surface is higher than that of the smooth-type overflow surface. In the case of the flow rate Q = 6 L/ min, the slope ratio = 60 擄, the average oxygen efficiency of the smooth-type overflow surface (n = 0) is 0.05. The mean oxygen efficiency of the step-type overflow surface is 0.06 (n = 5), 0.14 (n = 10), 0.19 (n = 15), and the multiple-step overflow surface complex oxygen efficiency of each step is higher than that of the smooth overflow surface. (2) When the dam is high, the flow and the slope are the fixed value, the complex oxygen efficiency E increases with the increase of the number of steps n. The reoxygenation efficiency was 0.08 (n = 5), 0.23 (n = 10), and 0.28 (n = 15) at the flow rate of Q = 6 L/ min and the slope angle of 75 擄. (3) When the dam is high and the flow is the fixed value, the recovery efficiency of the overflow dam increases with the increase of the slope angle, and the peak appears at the slope angle of about 75 擄, and the free vertical drop of the water flow (P = 90 擄) is the worst. In the case of flow Q = 12 L/ min, the reoxygenation efficiency was increased from 0.12 (F = 45 擄) to 0.16 (P = 75 擄) and then to 0.05 (P = 90 擄). The experiment and research on the effect of the reoxygenation and the water quality of the natural reoxygenation demonstration project are carried out. The demonstration project is composed of three overflow dams in series. In which, the slope of the dam 1 and the number of steps are:65 擄,28, and the slope of the dam 2. The number of steps is 70 擄,24, and the slope of the dam 3. The number of steps is 65 擄 and 13. The test results show that the effect of the reoxygenation of the dam is affected by the season and shows different characteristics. The DO content of the dam crest is 6.27 mg/ L in the rainy or dry season in the summer, and the DO content of the water is increased after the water flow is over the dam, and the effect of the reoxygenation of the dam is remarkable. In summer, the DO content of the dam crest is 13.13 mg/ L, and the DO content of the water is reduced after the water flow is over the dam. The concentration of NH _ 4 +-N, CODMn and chlorophyll a in water was 0.52 mg/ L, 0.38mg/ L, respectively. The concentration of water in water and effluent was 7.56 mg/ L, 5.66 mg/ L, and the concentration of chlorophyll a was 0.062 mg/ L and 0.042 mg/ L, respectively. The system has no removal effect on TN and TP. The good running effect of the demonstration project shows that it is feasible to make full use of the local aeration characteristics of the channel hydraulic structure as the river reoxygenation, so as to reduce the pollutant concentration of the water body. In conclusion, combined with the characteristics of the large river slope of the mountain city, the natural reoxygenation technology is adopted to improve the water environment of the river is one of the economic and effective measures, and the research results can provide a reference for the improvement of the water quality of the similar mountain stream.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X522
[Abstract]:Chongqing is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and most of its areas are located in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Therefore, it is very important to improve and maintain the water environment of the secondary river in Chongqing. At present, the management of the secondary river water environment in Chongqing has made great achievements, and how to keep the water environment of the secondary river becomes a concern. The Fu Nixi is located in the Dadu District of Chongqing. It is the secondary river of the Yangtze River, and has the characteristics of the typical mountainous city. After the comprehensive treatment in the early stage, the environment quality of the Voxi water has been greatly improved, but some of the stagnant areas still have the eutrophication phenomenon, and the dissolved oxygen content of the water body is relatively low. The dissolved oxygen content of the water body is very important to maintain the self-cleaning ability of the river channel, and in combination with the characteristics of the large slope of the mountain city, it is of great significance to adopt the measures of economy and high efficiency as the river reoxygenation. On the basis of the investigation and analysis of the current situation of pollution, the local aeration characteristics of the original dam of the Voxi River were put forward to study the reoxygenation of the river course. The key factors that influence the reoxygenation capacity of the spillway dam were studied and the key design parameters required for the demonstration project were studied. On the basis of this, the study and analysis of the effect of complex oxygen and the effect of pollutant removal were carried out on the basis of the construction of the natural reoxygenation demonstration project in the Voxi River. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: The investigation and analysis of the present situation of the pollution of the Voxi River are carried out. The results of the investigation show that there are two sewage outlets in the Fu Nixi River. During the rainfall, the rain sewage overflows into the river, and has a certain pollution to the river. According to the long-term observation, the average flow rate of the 1 # outlet is 0.135 m3/ s, the maximum flow value is 0.974 m3/ s, the mean value of NH4 +-N, TN, BOD5 and TP is 8.5 mg/ L, 12.5 mg/ L, 23.5 mg/ L and 0.98 mg/ L. The average flow rate of the sewage outlet at the 2 # outlet is 0.1 m3/ s, the maximum flow value is 0.894 m3/ s, the NH 4 +-N, TN, BOD5, and TP emission mean are 3.85 mg/ L, 12.5 mg/ L, 12.8 mg/ L and 0.68 mg/ L, respectively. Through the comprehensive treatment in the early stage, the water environment quality of the river basin is greatly improved, and the monitoring results of the B02 and the B02 in the typical curve retention area B01 and the typical dam of the Voxi River show that the sampling points of NH4 +-N and CODMn are higher relative to the Class V water standard in the quality standard of the surface water environment (GB3838-2002)>. The TP removal rate is generally, and the TN removal rate is very low. In addition, the concentration of the B02 point is higher than that of the B01 point. The experimental results of the pilot-scale test of the overflow dam show that: (1) The double-oxygen efficiency of the step-type overflow surface is higher than that of the smooth-type overflow surface. In the case of the flow rate Q = 6 L/ min, the slope ratio = 60 擄, the average oxygen efficiency of the smooth-type overflow surface (n = 0) is 0.05. The mean oxygen efficiency of the step-type overflow surface is 0.06 (n = 5), 0.14 (n = 10), 0.19 (n = 15), and the multiple-step overflow surface complex oxygen efficiency of each step is higher than that of the smooth overflow surface. (2) When the dam is high, the flow and the slope are the fixed value, the complex oxygen efficiency E increases with the increase of the number of steps n. The reoxygenation efficiency was 0.08 (n = 5), 0.23 (n = 10), and 0.28 (n = 15) at the flow rate of Q = 6 L/ min and the slope angle of 75 擄. (3) When the dam is high and the flow is the fixed value, the recovery efficiency of the overflow dam increases with the increase of the slope angle, and the peak appears at the slope angle of about 75 擄, and the free vertical drop of the water flow (P = 90 擄) is the worst. In the case of flow Q = 12 L/ min, the reoxygenation efficiency was increased from 0.12 (F = 45 擄) to 0.16 (P = 75 擄) and then to 0.05 (P = 90 擄). The experiment and research on the effect of the reoxygenation and the water quality of the natural reoxygenation demonstration project are carried out. The demonstration project is composed of three overflow dams in series. In which, the slope of the dam 1 and the number of steps are:65 擄,28, and the slope of the dam 2. The number of steps is 70 擄,24, and the slope of the dam 3. The number of steps is 65 擄 and 13. The test results show that the effect of the reoxygenation of the dam is affected by the season and shows different characteristics. The DO content of the dam crest is 6.27 mg/ L in the rainy or dry season in the summer, and the DO content of the water is increased after the water flow is over the dam, and the effect of the reoxygenation of the dam is remarkable. In summer, the DO content of the dam crest is 13.13 mg/ L, and the DO content of the water is reduced after the water flow is over the dam. The concentration of NH _ 4 +-N, CODMn and chlorophyll a in water was 0.52 mg/ L, 0.38mg/ L, respectively. The concentration of water in water and effluent was 7.56 mg/ L, 5.66 mg/ L, and the concentration of chlorophyll a was 0.062 mg/ L and 0.042 mg/ L, respectively. The system has no removal effect on TN and TP. The good running effect of the demonstration project shows that it is feasible to make full use of the local aeration characteristics of the channel hydraulic structure as the river reoxygenation, so as to reduce the pollutant concentration of the water body. In conclusion, combined with the characteristics of the large river slope of the mountain city, the natural reoxygenation technology is adopted to improve the water environment of the river is one of the economic and effective measures, and the research results can provide a reference for the improvement of the water quality of the similar mountain stream.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X522
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