【摘要】：隨著激光應(yīng)用于測(cè)距、制導(dǎo)、雷達(dá)等專業(yè)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,以及人們對(duì)深空探測(cè)技術(shù)和衛(wèi)星遙感更加深入的研究,軍事上已開始大面積應(yīng)用大氣輻射傳輸技術(shù)。長久以來輻射的傳輸過程在電子、傳輸、探測(cè)、定位、天體學(xué)等眾多領(lǐng)域都得到了十分的重視,近半個(gè)世紀(jì)內(nèi)取得了飛速的發(fā)展。近年來,由于地球上各種污染的逐步惡化,影響著大氣中的各種氣體分布。而其中各種分子的密度及含量對(duì)于大氣分子吸收輻射能量的衰減程度有著最直接的影響。隨著工業(yè)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展,汽車尾氣廢棄物排放的增多,城市霧霾頻頻發(fā)生,濃度愈演愈烈,霧霾天氣已引起人們的高度重視。雖然現(xiàn)在有很多對(duì)霧霾顆粒物濃度的測(cè)量儀器,但由于霧霾天氣發(fā)生的隨機(jī)性,輕重程度的不確定性,顆粒物分布的不穩(wěn)定性,及現(xiàn)有資料的嚴(yán)重缺乏,導(dǎo)致我們用儀器只能測(cè)得某一次霧霾天氣或者說某一地區(qū)霧霾天氣的顆粒物分布情況,因此,本文提出了一種更具普遍性的霧霾天氣紅外輻射傳輸特性的研究體系。借助于氣象數(shù)據(jù)及已測(cè)得的霧霾天氣顆粒物濃度等進(jìn)行分析,搭建更具有普遍性的粒子譜分布模型,進(jìn)一步結(jié)合米氏理論計(jì)算霧霾天氣顆粒物的吸收、散射及衰減特性,最終計(jì)算其熱輻射。氣體分子的透過率部分,為了得到更真實(shí)可靠的效果,在不考慮散射影響因素的前提下,利用MODTRAN對(duì)其透過特性進(jìn)行計(jì)算。本文首先在介紹大氣輻射傳輸特性發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀以及其巨大應(yīng)用意義的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了霧霾天氣下紅外輻射特性研究的重要性；然后闡述了霧霾的紅外輻射基本理論以及紅外輻射計(jì)算中常用的輻射量,分析了霧霾天氣大氣輻射傳輸衰減產(chǎn)生的原因；分析了大氣結(jié)構(gòu)與相關(guān)參數(shù),根據(jù)實(shí)際情況分析了霧霾條件下顆粒物復(fù)折射率數(shù)據(jù)庫,對(duì)溫度、高度進(jìn)行合理的選擇,結(jié)合米氏散射理論重點(diǎn)計(jì)算了霧霾天氣顆粒物的散射、衰減及吸收因子,計(jì)算出顆粒物的散射、衰減和吸收系數(shù),最終進(jìn)行霧霾天氣下3～5μm紅外波段紅外輻射特性的計(jì)算。本方法更具有普遍性,對(duì)霧霾天氣目標(biāo)識(shí)別等更具有廣泛的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of laser in ranging, guidance, radar and other professional technologies, as well as more in-depth research on deep space detection technology and satellite remote sensing, atmospheric radiation transmission technology has been applied in a large area militarily. For a long time, the transmission process of radiation has been paid great attention to in many fields, such as electrons, transmission, detection, positioning, celestial science and so on, and has made rapid development in the past half century. In recent years, due to the gradual deterioration of all kinds of pollution on the earth, the distribution of all kinds of gases in the atmosphere has been affected. The density and content of various molecules have the most direct influence on the attenuation of radiative energy absorbed by atmospheric molecules. With the rapid development of industrial technology and the increase of automobile exhaust waste emissions, urban haze occurs frequently and the concentration is becoming more and more intense. Haze weather has attracted great attention. Although there are many instruments for measuring the concentration of haze particles, due to the randomness of haze weather, the uncertainty of severity, the instability of particle distribution and the serious lack of available data, As a result, we can only measure the distribution of particles in a certain haze weather or haze weather in a certain area by using the instrument. Therefore, a more universal research system for infrared radiation transmission characteristics of haze weather is proposed in this paper. With the help of meteorological data and the measured concentration of haze weather particles, a more universal particle spectrum distribution model is built, and the absorption, scattering and attenuation characteristics of haze weather particles are calculated according to Michele theory. Finally, the thermal radiation is calculated. In order to obtain more real and reliable effect, the transmittance of gas molecules is calculated by MODTRAN without considering the influence factors of scattering. In this paper, based on the introduction of the development status of atmospheric radiation transmission characteristics and its great application significance, the importance of studying infrared radiation characteristics in haze weather is analyzed. Then the basic theory of infrared radiation of haze and the radiation amount commonly used in infrared radiation calculation are described, and the causes of atmospheric radiation transmission attenuation in haze weather are analyzed. The atmospheric structure and related parameters are analyzed, the complex refractive index database of particles under haze condition is analyzed, the temperature and height are selected reasonably, and the scattering of haze weather particles is calculated according to the theory of Michele scattering. The scattering, attenuation and absorption coefficients of particles are calculated by attenuation and absorption factors, and finally the infrared radiation characteristics of 3 ~ 5 渭 m infrared band in haze weather are calculated. This method is more universal and has more extensive application value for haze weather target recognition.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X513;X87

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本文編號(hào)：2486822