【摘要】：本課題以微藻,斜生柵藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)為受試生物,研究了7種行業(yè)廢水(造紙廢水、印染廢水、制藥廢水、顏料廢水、煉油廢水、丙烯腈廢水和焦化廢水)及城市污水的毒性。利用藻的四個不同測試終點(細胞密度、葉綠素a合成、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和細胞膜完整性)來表征廢水/污水的急性毒性效應。比較了采用不同處理技術(SBR、Linpor和活性污泥法)的城市污水處理廠對污水急性毒性的去除效果以及斜生柵藻的四個指標對廢水/污水的敏感性。首先,考察了各行業(yè)廢水對斜生柵藻的毒性效應及處理工藝對廢水毒性的去除效果。探究了廢水毒性與理化指標之間的關聯(lián),比較了斜生柵藻的四個指標對行業(yè)廢水的敏感性。結(jié)果表明,各處理工藝對行業(yè)廢水的毒性都有明顯的削減,但出水均對藻的一個或多個指標存在毒性效應。NH3-N可能是行業(yè)廢水毒性的主要來源。斜生柵藻的四個指標對行業(yè)廢水的敏感性順序為SOD活性葉綠素a合成細胞密度細胞膜完整性。其次,考察了城市污水處理廠的不同處理技術對污水毒性的去除效果。探究了城市污水毒性與理化指標之間的關聯(lián),并比較了斜生柵藻的四個指標對城市污水的敏感性。結(jié)果表明,三個處理工藝均能夠完全去除污水對藻的葉綠素a合成的促進效應,僅活性污泥工藝能夠完全去除污水對藻細胞生長的促進效應,SBR和活性污泥法均能夠成功去除污水對藻細胞膜的傷害作用,SBR和活性污泥法能夠部分去除污水對藻SOD活性的促進作用,而Linpor系統(tǒng)未能顯著降低污水對藻SOD的促進效應。NaC1O消毒使污水毒性顯著增強。污水對斜生柵藻葉綠素a合成的促進作用與TOC及TP濃度顯著正相關。斜生柵藻的四個指標對城市污水的敏感性順序為SOD活性葉綠素a合成細胞密度細胞膜完整性。綜上所述,行業(yè)廢水及城市污水排水對斜生柵藻均存在急性毒性效應。廢水的毒性與其理化指標之間存在一定的相關關系,但某一個或幾個理化指標無法預測廢水的毒性效應。斜生柵藻的SOD活性及葉綠素a合成比細胞生長更為敏感,可以作為廢水毒性評價的指標。本研究有助于了解工業(yè)廢水及城市污水的急性毒性以及當前的廢水／污水處理技術對毒性的去除效果。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the toxicity of seven kinds of industrial wastewater (papermaking wastewater, printing and dyeing wastewater, pharmaceutical wastewater, pigment wastewater, refinery wastewater, acrylic wastewater and coking wastewater) and municipal wastewater were studied with microalgae and (Scenedesmus obliquus) as the tested organisms. The acute toxic effects of wastewater / sewage were characterized by four different test terminals (cell density, chlorophyll a synthesis, (SOD) activity of SOD and cell membrane integrity). The removal efficiency of acute toxicity of municipal wastewater treatment plants with different treatment technologies (SBR,Linpor and activated sludge process) and the sensitivity of four indexes of Scenedula obliquus to wastewater / sewage were compared. Firstly, the toxic effect of wastewater from various industries on Scenedula obliquus and the removal effect of wastewater toxicity by treatment process were investigated. The relationship between toxicity and physical and chemical indexes of wastewater was investigated, and the sensitivity of four indexes of Scenedula obliquus to industrial wastewater was compared. The results show that the toxicity of each treatment process to industrial wastewater is obviously reduced, but the effluent has toxic effect on one or more indexes of algae. NH3-N may be the main source of toxicity of industrial wastewater. The sensitivity order of four indexes to industrial wastewater was SOD active chlorophyll a synthetic cell density cell membrane integrity. Secondly, the removal efficiency of sewage toxicity by different treatment technologies of municipal wastewater treatment plant was investigated. The relationship between toxicity and physical and chemical indexes of municipal sewage was explored, and the sensitivity of four indexes of Scenedula obliquus to municipal sewage was compared. The results showed that the three treatment processes could completely remove the promoting effect of sewage on chlorophyll a synthesis of algae, and only the activated sludge process could completely remove the promoting effect of sewage on the growth of algae cells. Both SBR and activated sludge process can successfully remove the damage of sewage to algae cell membrane, and SBR and activated sludge process can partly remove the promoting effect of sewage on SOD activity of algae. However, Linpor system could not significantly reduce the promoting effect of sewage on algae SOD. NAC1O disinfection significantly enhanced the toxicity of sewage. The promoting effect of sewage on chlorophyll a synthesis of Scenedesmus obliquus was positively correlated with the concentration of TOC and TP. The sensitivity order of four indexes to municipal sewage was SOD active chlorophyll a synthetic cell density cell membrane integrity. To sum up, industrial wastewater and municipal sewage drainage have acute toxic effects on Scenedesmus obliquus. There is a certain correlation between the toxicity of wastewater and its physical and chemical indexes, but one or more physical and chemical indexes can not predict the toxic effect of wastewater. The SOD activity and chlorophyll a synthesis of Scenedulina obliquus are more sensitive than cell growth, and can be used as an index to evaluate the toxicity of wastewater. This study is helpful to understand the acute toxicity of industrial wastewater and municipal sewage and the removal effect of current wastewater / sewage treatment technology.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703;X171.5

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