【摘要】：地下水資源被人類廣泛應用。我國有大量的水資源,但人口眾多,人均用水量低于世界平均水平的四分之一,且地下水中硝酸鹽的污染嚴重,因此在我國水資源缺乏與惡化是一個嚴重的環(huán)境問題。微生物法處理硝酸鹽污水的優(yōu)點為高效率及低能耗。本實驗的目的是通過批實驗和柱實驗對比研究不同固相有機碳源對反硝化的促進作用,篩選出合適的固相碳源,為地下水硝酸鹽的修復提供理論依據(jù)。實驗采用秸稈、麥麩、米糠、可生物降解塑料作為反硝化固相碳源,研究不同碳源的反硝化效果。實驗分為兩個階段:第一階段為批試驗,主要研究固相碳源本身的釋放規(guī)律及反硝化過程中硝酸鹽氮、亞硝酸鹽氮、氨氮的變化情況,最終篩選出適合的固相碳源;第二階段為柱實驗,以麥麩、米糠、可生物降解塑料為固相碳源,對比三種固相碳源對硝酸鹽氮的去除效果以及在處理過程中亞硝酸鹽氮和氨氮的積累情況。實驗結果表明,在批試驗中可生物降解塑料反硝化效果顯著,硝酸鹽氮的去除率達到99.5%,且氨氮和亞硝酸鹽氮的積累較少;其次是米糠,硝酸鹽氮的去除率為78.3%,而麥麩和秸稈作為碳源時,去除率僅為29.9%和18.8%。另外實驗還發(fā)現(xiàn),當進水硝酸鹽濃度在一定范圍內升高時,硝酸鹽氮的去除率會相應升高。柱吸附實驗發(fā)現(xiàn),可生物降解塑料對硝酸鹽幾乎沒有吸附作用,而麥麩和米糠對進水硝酸鹽均有明顯的吸附效果。在反硝化柱實驗的反應初期,麥麩、米糠為碳源時,由于其對硝酸鹽的吸附作用,導致硝酸鹽氮的去除效果較為顯著,最大去除率分別為97.7%、99.7%。當可生物降解塑料作為碳源時,硝酸鹽氮的去除效果跟批試驗有顯著不同,去除率僅為33.3%,且亞硝酸鹽氮積累量比麥麩和米糠高,峰值可達8.5 mg/L,而氨氮的積累量始終較小,維持在0.91 mg/L左右。此外,以麥麩和米糠為碳源時,硝酸鹽氮的去除率分別為66.4%和67.2%,亞硝酸鹽的積累量分別為0.15 mg/L和0.14 mg/L,氨氮的積累量分別為5.16 mg/L和6.17 mg/L。柱實驗結果表明,米糠是最為適宜的固相碳源。
[Abstract]:Groundwater resources are widely used by human beings. There are a large number of water resources in China, but the population is large, the per capita water consumption is less than 1/4 of the world average level, and the nitrate pollution in groundwater is serious, so the lack and deterioration of water resources in China is a serious environmental problem. The advantages of microbial treatment of nitrate wastewater are high efficiency and low energy consumption. The purpose of this experiment is to study the promoting effect of different solid organic carbon sources on denitrification by batch experiment and column experiment, and to select the suitable solid carbon source, which provides a theoretical basis for nitrate remediation in groundwater. Straw, wheat bran, rice husk and biodegradable plastics were used as denitrifying solid phase carbon source to study the denitrification effect of different carbon sources. The experiment is divided into two stages: the first stage is batch test, which mainly studies the release law of solid carbon source itself and the changes of nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in denitrification process, and finally selects the suitable solid carbon source. The second stage was column experiment, in which wheat bran, rice husk and biodegradable plastics were used as solid carbon sources to compare the removal efficiency of nitrate nitrogen and the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen during treatment. The experimental results show that the denitrification effect of biodegradable plastics is remarkable in batch test, the removal rate of nitrate nitrogen is 99.5%, and the accumulation of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is less. The removal rate of nitrate nitrogen was 78.3%, while that of wheat bran and straw as carbon source was only 29.9% and 18.8%. In addition, it is found that when the influent nitrate concentration increases in a certain range, the removal rate of nitrate nitrogen will increase accordingly. The column adsorption experiment showed that the biodegradable plastics had little adsorption effect on nitrate, while wheat bran and rice husk had obvious adsorption effect on influent nitrate. At the initial stage of denitrification column experiment, when wheat gluten and rice husk were used as carbon sources, the removal effect of nitrate nitrogen was remarkable because of their adsorption of nitrate, and the maximum removal rates were 97.7% and 99.7%, respectively. the maximum removal rates of nitrate nitrogen were 97.7% and 99.7%, respectively. When biodegradable plastics were used as carbon source, the removal efficiency of nitrate nitrogen was significantly different from that of batch test, the removal rate was only 33. 3%, and the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen was higher than that of wheat bran and rice husk, and the peak value was 8. 5 mg/L,. However, the accumulation of ammonia nitrogen was always small, maintained at about 0.91 mg/L. In addition, the removal rates of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite were 66.4% and 67.2% and 0.14 mg/L and 0.14 mg/L, respectively, and the accumulation of nitrate was 0.15 mg/L, and 0.14 mg/L, respectively, when wheat bran and rice husk were used as carbon sources, the removal rates of nitrate nitrogen were 66.4% and 67.2%, respectively. The accumulation of ammonia nitrogen is 5.16 mg/L and 6.17 mg/L., respectively. The results of column experiment show that rice husk is the most suitable solid carbon source.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質大學(北京)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X523

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 夏軍;翟金良;占車生;;我國水資源研究與發(fā)展的若干思考[J];地球科學進展;2011年09期

2 馮錦霞;朱建軍;陳立;;我國地下水硝酸鹽污染防治及評估預測方法[J];地下水;2006年04期

3 王允;張旭;張大奕;李廣賀;周貴忠;;用于地下水原位生物脫氮的緩釋碳源材料性能研究[J];環(huán)境科學;2008年08期

4 朱艷芳;金朝暉;方悅;康海彥;李俊峰;全化民;;催化還原脫除地下水中硝酸鹽的研究[J];環(huán)境科學學報;2006年04期

5 沈志紅;張增強;王豫琪;王珍;陳園;魏素娜;;生物反硝化去除地下水中硝酸鹽的混合碳源研究[J];環(huán)境科學學報;2011年06期

6 陳立強;鄭壽榮;許昭怡;尹大強;;催化加氫法脫除水中硝酸鹽的研究進展[J];化學研究與應用;2006年01期

7 易秀,薛澄澤;氮肥在(土婁)土中的滲漏污染研究[J];農業(yè)環(huán)境科學學報;1993年06期

8 曹敬華;鄭西來;潘明霞;李萍;侯建華;宋曉倩;;萃取膜生物反應器去除地下水硝酸鹽[J];西安建筑科技大學學報(自然科學版);2006年04期

9 張曉琳;蒙格平;孫美;馮紹元;霍再林;;北京市大興區(qū)淺層地下水水質時空變化分析[J];中國農村水利水電;2011年12期

10 曹國民;盛梅;遲峰;史偉偉;孟科偉;俞益峰;;反滲透法脫除地下水中硝酸鹽的中試試驗[J];凈水技術;2011年05期

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 張建美;地下水硝酸鹽原位生物修復固相碳源及磷源性能研究[D];中國地質大學(北京);2012年

，

本文編號：2481800