【摘要】：在煤炭的生產(chǎn)過程中,煤矸石和煤粉灰等廢棄物的排放可能會造成土壤重金屬污染,破壞采礦區(qū)周邊的自然環(huán)境與生態(tài)系統(tǒng),影響土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量,導(dǎo)致農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量下降,威脅人類生命安全。本文以平朔露天礦區(qū)為例,對土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb和Zn七種重金屬元素進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,基于地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)理論和GIS分析其空間變異性,用空間插值方法模擬其空間分布特征,對其污染狀況進(jìn)行判定,并討論了不同土地利用類型和復(fù)墾年限土壤重金屬含量的特征,最后對土壤重金屬與土壤理化性質(zhì)之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行探討,以期在實(shí)踐中能夠?yàn)橥寥乐亟饘俚姆植家?guī)律和土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量的監(jiān)測提供參考。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)研究區(qū)內(nèi)各土壤重金屬元素的空間變異性差異較大。其中,礦區(qū)周邊的自然土壤和礦區(qū)內(nèi)部土壤中Hg元素均表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)變異性,As、Cd、Cu、Zn元素體現(xiàn)出中等變異性,Cr和Pb元素則表現(xiàn)出弱變異性。表明人類的活動對研究區(qū)Hg元素的空間分布形成較為強(qiáng)烈的干擾作用。(2)研究區(qū)所有土壤重金屬元素均表現(xiàn)出中等空間相關(guān)性,表明研究區(qū)重金屬的空間分布受到人為因素和自然因素的共同影響。其中,As、Cd、Cr、Hg和Pb元素的空間變異主要由隨機(jī)性因素造成,而Cu和Zn元素的空間變異主要受研究區(qū)自然和區(qū)域環(huán)境因素的影響,同時人為活動對其分布也產(chǎn)生了一定的影響。(3)研究區(qū)土壤重金屬含量分布不均勻。礦區(qū)周邊居民區(qū)土壤重金屬含量偏高,原地貌的含量則較低。安太堡南排土場重金屬含量低于其它幾個排土場。研究區(qū)Cu和Zn含量適中,As、Cd、Cr、Hg和Pb則存在輕度富集現(xiàn)象,存在外來污染源。(4)對于研究區(qū)自然土壤而言,不同土地利用方式下,Cr、Cd、Hg和Zn元素的含量變化較大;對于復(fù)墾土壤而言,在不同土地利用方式下則只有Cd和Zn的含量變化較大,其余重金屬元素則在不同土地利用類型間的含量差異并不大。(5)研究區(qū)復(fù)墾土壤中重金屬的含量并未隨著土壤復(fù)墾時間的增加而表現(xiàn)出規(guī)律性的變化。(6)不同土壤理化性質(zhì)指標(biāo)對于土壤重金屬元素含量的影響不同。其中,P和有效P這兩項(xiàng)指標(biāo)與土壤重金屬含量的關(guān)系較為緊密。
[Abstract]:In the process of coal production, the discharge of wastes such as coal gangue and coal dust may cause heavy metal pollution in the soil, destroy the natural environment and ecosystem around the mining area, affect the quality of the soil environment, and lead to the decline of crop yield. Threaten the safety of human life. Taking Pingshuo open-pit mining area as an example, seven heavy metal elements (As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Pb and Zn) in soil were statistically analyzed, and their spatial variability was analyzed based on geostatistics theory and GIS. Spatial interpolation method was used to simulate its spatial distribution characteristics, to judge its pollution status, and to discuss the characteristics of heavy metal content in soils of different land use types and reclamation years. Finally, the relationship between soil heavy metals and soil physical and chemical properties was discussed in order to provide reference for monitoring the distribution of soil heavy metals and soil environmental quality in practice. The results are as follows: (1) the spatial variability of soil heavy metal elements in the study area is quite different. Among them, both the natural soil around the mining area and the inner soil showed strong variability, while the As,Cd,Cu,Zn element showed moderate variability, while the Cr and Pb elements showed weak variability. The results show that human activities strongly interfere with the spatial distribution of Hg elements in the study area. (2) all the soil heavy metal elements in the study area show moderate spatial correlation. The results show that the spatial distribution of heavy metals in the study area is affected by both human and natural factors. The spatial variation of As,Cd,Cr,Hg and Pb elements is mainly caused by random factors, while the spatial variations of Cu and Zn elements are mainly influenced by the natural and regional environmental factors in the study area. At the same time, the distribution of heavy metals was influenced by human activities. (3) the distribution of heavy metals in soil was not uniform. The contents of heavy metals in the surrounding residential areas are relatively high, but the contents of the original landforms are relatively low. The content of heavy metals in Antaibao South dump is lower than that in other dump sites. The contents of Cu and Zn in the study area are moderate, while As,Cd,Cr,Hg and Pb are slightly enriched, and there are external pollution sources. (4) for the natural soil of the study area, under different land use patterns, Cr,Cd, exists. The content of Hg and Zn changed greatly. For reclaimed soil, only the contents of Cd and Zn changed greatly under different land use patterns. (5) the contents of heavy metals in the reclaimed soil of the study area did not change regularly with the increase of soil reclamation time. (6) the contents of heavy metals in the reclaimed soil of the study area did not change regularly with the increase of soil reclamation time. The effects of different soil physical and chemical properties on the content of heavy metal elements were different. Among them, P and available P were closely related to the content of heavy metals in soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 李向;徐清;;基于灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析理論的典型區(qū)域土壤重金屬污染評價研究[J];安全與環(huán)境學(xué)報(bào);2012年01期

2 劉s，

本文編號：2467980