不同活化材料提高蜈蚣草富集重金屬能力的效果研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-04-25 12:03
【摘要】：近年來,砷超富集植物—蜈蚣草已成功應(yīng)用于我國南方礦區(qū)污染農(nóng)田土壤的實(shí)地修復(fù),并在復(fù)合重金屬污染土壤修復(fù)技術(shù)中表現(xiàn)出巨大潛力。針對我國重金屬復(fù)合污染及砷污染修復(fù)技術(shù)研究的現(xiàn)狀,本試驗(yàn)分為兩部分：(1)通過采集潮土和棕壤進(jìn)行室內(nèi)土壤培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)和盆栽試驗(yàn),以超富集植物蜈蚣草作為研究對象,研究不同活化材料對土壤砷、鉛、鎘有效性和形態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化的影響,及蜈蚣草各部位吸收富集砷、鉛、鎘的影響；(2)選擇北京化工場地砷污染土壤為研究對象,通過田間試驗(yàn),研究不同類型磷肥對蜈蚣草不同生長時(shí)期生長及砷的吸收的影響,為植物修復(fù)中選擇合適的磷肥類型提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。主要結(jié)果如下：(1)添加不同活化材料,在一定程度上活化了土壤中的砷、鉛、鎘,土壤重金屬的有效性得到提高。磷酸二氫銨表現(xiàn)出更好的釋放砷的能力,EDTA表現(xiàn)出更好的釋放鉛、鎘的能力。(2)添加EDTA明顯增加土壤中可交換態(tài)和碳酸鹽結(jié)合態(tài)鉛、鎘含量,減少Fe/Mn結(jié)合態(tài)和有機(jī)結(jié)合態(tài)鉛、鎘含量,殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)鉛、鎬含量變化不明顯。說明EDTA能促進(jìn)土壤鉛、鎘的形態(tài)由生物難利用態(tài)向生物可利用態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化。(3)盆栽試驗(yàn)中,磷酸二氫銨、檸檬酸的添加顯著促進(jìn)蜈蚣草的生長發(fā)育,添加EDTA則顯著抑制了蜈蚣草的生長。磷酸二氫銨、檸檬酸均能顯著增加蜈蚣草各部位砷含量。EDTA處理下蜈蚣草各部位吸收累積鉛、鎘含量顯著高于其他處理。(4)盆栽試驗(yàn)中,蜈蚣草根部吸收的砷向地上各部位的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)能力為羽葉／莖桿莖桿／根系,鉛和鎘向地上各部位的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)能力均為莖桿／根系羽葉／莖桿。磷酸二氫銨和檸檬酸在一定程度上提高了蜈蚣草根部吸收的砷向地上部遷移轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的能力,添加EDTA在一定程度上提高了蜈蚣草根部吸收的鉛、鎘向地上部遷移轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的能力。(5)蜈蚣草種植前后,磷酸二氫銨處理下土壤有效態(tài)砷含量均明顯高于其他處理,EDTA處理下土壤有效態(tài)鉛、鎘含量最高。蜈蚣草種植后,各處理土壤有效態(tài)重金屬含量均有下降,這意味著蜈蚣草吸收累積了土壤釋放的重金屬,活化材料的添加增加了土壤非專性吸附態(tài)和專性吸附態(tài)砷含量,增加了生物可利用態(tài)砷含量,EDTA處理促進(jìn)土壤各形態(tài)鉛、鎘向生物可利用態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化,即有利于提高蜈蚣草的植物修復(fù)效率。(6)田間試驗(yàn)中,施用磷肥明顯促進(jìn)了蜈蚣草的生長、增加了蜈蚣草對砷的吸收富集。隨著種植時(shí)間的延長,蜈蚣草地上部生物量呈現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定增加的趨勢；蜈蚣草生長第6個(gè)月時(shí),地上部砷含量均達(dá)到最大。三種磷肥的效果從高到低的順序?yàn)椋毫姿岫䴕滗@磷酸二氫鉀磷酸二氫鈣,說明蜈蚣草修復(fù)化工砷污染土壤時(shí),施用磷酸二氫銨肥料是強(qiáng)化蜈蚣草植物修復(fù)效果的有效的輔助措施。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the super-enriched arsenic plant-centipede grass has been successfully applied to the field remediation of contaminated farmland soil in mining areas of southern China, and has shown great potential in the remediation of soil contaminated by complex heavy metals. In view of the present situation of remediation technology of heavy metal compound pollution and arsenic pollution in China, the experiment is divided into two parts: (1) the indoor soil culture experiment and pot experiment were carried out by collecting tidal soil and brown soil. The effects of different activated materials on soil arsenic, lead, cadmium availability and transformation, and the absorption of arsenic, lead and cadmium in different parts of centipede grass were studied by using hyperenriched plant centipede grass as the research object. (2) the effects of different types of phosphate fertilizer on the growth and arsenic absorption of Centipede grass in different growth stages were studied by field experiment with arsenic-contaminated soil in Beijing chemical field as the research object. It provides scientific basis for selecting suitable phosphate fertilizer types in phytoremediation. The main results are as follows: (1) the availability of arsenic, lead, cadmium and heavy metals in soil was improved by adding different activated materials to a certain extent. Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate showed a better ability to release arsenic, and EDTA showed a better ability to release lead and cadmium. (2) adding EDTA significantly increased the content of exchangeable and carbonate-bound lead and cadmium in soil. The contents of Pb, CD, Pb and Ho in Fe/Mn-bound and organic-bound state were reduced, but the contents of lead and pickaxe in residue were not changed obviously. The results showed that EDTA could promote the transformation of Pb and CD forms from bioavailability to bioavailability. (3) in pot experiment, the addition of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and citric acid significantly promoted the growth and development of Pteris vittata. The addition of EDTA significantly inhibited the growth of Pteris vittata. Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and citric acid could significantly increase arsenic content in different parts of centipede grass. EDTA treatment absorbed accumulated lead and cadmium content was significantly higher than other treatments. (4) in pot experiment, the contents of lead and cadmium in different parts of centipede grass were significantly higher than those in other treatments. The transfer capacity of arsenic absorbed from the root of centipede grass to the above-ground parts was pinnacle / stem / root, and the transport capacity of lead and cadmium to the above-ground parts was stem / root / stem / stem. Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and citric acid increased the ability of migration and transport of arsenic absorbed from the roots of Centipede to some extent, and the addition of EDTA increased the uptake of lead from the roots of Centipede to a certain extent. (5) the content of available arsenic in soil treated with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate was significantly higher than that in other treatments before and after planting, and the content of available lead and cadmium in soil under EDTA treatment was the highest. After planting the centipede grass, the contents of available heavy metals in the soil of each treatment decreased, which meant that Centipede grass absorbed and accumulated the heavy metals released from the soil, and the addition of activating materials increased the contents of non-specific adsorptive and specialized adsorptive arsenic in the soil. The increase of bioavailable arsenic content, EDTA treatment to promote soil lead, cadmium to bioavailable state transformation, that is, to improve the phytoremediation efficiency of centipede grass. (6) in the field experiment, The application of phosphate fertilizer significantly promoted the growth of Pteris vittata and increased the absorption and enrichment of arsenic by centipede grass. With the extension of planting time, the biomass of the upper part of centipede grassland increased steadily, and the content of arsenic in the shoot reached the maximum at the 6th month after the growth of Centipede grass. The order of effect of three phosphate fertilizers from high to low is: ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, indicating that centipede grass can be used to repair arsenic contaminated soil in chemical industry. The application of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer is an effective auxiliary measure to strengthen the phytoremediation effect of centipede grass.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X53;X173
本文編號(hào)：2465070
[Abstract]:In recent years, the super-enriched arsenic plant-centipede grass has been successfully applied to the field remediation of contaminated farmland soil in mining areas of southern China, and has shown great potential in the remediation of soil contaminated by complex heavy metals. In view of the present situation of remediation technology of heavy metal compound pollution and arsenic pollution in China, the experiment is divided into two parts: (1) the indoor soil culture experiment and pot experiment were carried out by collecting tidal soil and brown soil. The effects of different activated materials on soil arsenic, lead, cadmium availability and transformation, and the absorption of arsenic, lead and cadmium in different parts of centipede grass were studied by using hyperenriched plant centipede grass as the research object. (2) the effects of different types of phosphate fertilizer on the growth and arsenic absorption of Centipede grass in different growth stages were studied by field experiment with arsenic-contaminated soil in Beijing chemical field as the research object. It provides scientific basis for selecting suitable phosphate fertilizer types in phytoremediation. The main results are as follows: (1) the availability of arsenic, lead, cadmium and heavy metals in soil was improved by adding different activated materials to a certain extent. Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate showed a better ability to release arsenic, and EDTA showed a better ability to release lead and cadmium. (2) adding EDTA significantly increased the content of exchangeable and carbonate-bound lead and cadmium in soil. The contents of Pb, CD, Pb and Ho in Fe/Mn-bound and organic-bound state were reduced, but the contents of lead and pickaxe in residue were not changed obviously. The results showed that EDTA could promote the transformation of Pb and CD forms from bioavailability to bioavailability. (3) in pot experiment, the addition of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and citric acid significantly promoted the growth and development of Pteris vittata. The addition of EDTA significantly inhibited the growth of Pteris vittata. Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and citric acid could significantly increase arsenic content in different parts of centipede grass. EDTA treatment absorbed accumulated lead and cadmium content was significantly higher than other treatments. (4) in pot experiment, the contents of lead and cadmium in different parts of centipede grass were significantly higher than those in other treatments. The transfer capacity of arsenic absorbed from the root of centipede grass to the above-ground parts was pinnacle / stem / root, and the transport capacity of lead and cadmium to the above-ground parts was stem / root / stem / stem. Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and citric acid increased the ability of migration and transport of arsenic absorbed from the roots of Centipede to some extent, and the addition of EDTA increased the uptake of lead from the roots of Centipede to a certain extent. (5) the content of available arsenic in soil treated with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate was significantly higher than that in other treatments before and after planting, and the content of available lead and cadmium in soil under EDTA treatment was the highest. After planting the centipede grass, the contents of available heavy metals in the soil of each treatment decreased, which meant that Centipede grass absorbed and accumulated the heavy metals released from the soil, and the addition of activating materials increased the contents of non-specific adsorptive and specialized adsorptive arsenic in the soil. The increase of bioavailable arsenic content, EDTA treatment to promote soil lead, cadmium to bioavailable state transformation, that is, to improve the phytoremediation efficiency of centipede grass. (6) in the field experiment, The application of phosphate fertilizer significantly promoted the growth of Pteris vittata and increased the absorption and enrichment of arsenic by centipede grass. With the extension of planting time, the biomass of the upper part of centipede grassland increased steadily, and the content of arsenic in the shoot reached the maximum at the 6th month after the growth of Centipede grass. The order of effect of three phosphate fertilizers from high to low is: ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, indicating that centipede grass can be used to repair arsenic contaminated soil in chemical industry. The application of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer is an effective auxiliary measure to strengthen the phytoremediation effect of centipede grass.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X53;X173
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