石化廢水生物處理毒性評價及其應(yīng)用研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-30 09:13
【摘要】：針對石化廢水對綜合污水處理廠的毒性沖擊問題,采用活性污泥耗氧速率抑制試驗評價不同石化廢水生物處理毒性,評價對象包括石化工業(yè)園區(qū)內(nèi)綜合污水處理廠工藝流程中各工藝出水以及排入污水處理廠的不同生產(chǎn)裝置和裝置內(nèi)不同排放節(jié)點的廢水。本研究構(gòu)建了一套相對完善的石化廢水生物處理毒性評價方法。明確了操作技術(shù)要點,優(yōu)化操作條件。優(yōu)化結(jié)果為:活性污泥4°C冷藏保存且試驗投加濃度為1.6 g/L,樣品pH為7左右,曝氣時間30min,合成污水投加濃度范圍為200-1000 mg/L。針對活性污泥敏感性在不同批次試驗之間的差異問題,將各廢水對活性污泥耗氧速率的抑制效應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)毒性物質(zhì)3,5-二氯苯酚的濃度,提高了數(shù)據(jù)之間的可比性。在此基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)廢水流量和對應(yīng)3,5-二氯苯酚濃度,計算廢水對應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)毒性物質(zhì)質(zhì)量排放負(fù)荷,作為評價廢水生物處理毒性貢獻(xiàn)的指標(biāo)。通過對石化廢水對活性污泥中不同微生物的影響解析,得出石化廢水對活性污泥中硝化細(xì)菌具有明顯抑制效應(yīng),但同時對異養(yǎng)菌的耗氧具有促進(jìn)作用;由于后者對前者的掩蓋,直接測定總耗氧速率時容易造成對廢水真實生物處理毒性的低估。研究進(jìn)一步分析了活性污泥中異養(yǎng)菌耗氧速率受易降解基質(zhì)的影響,證實石化廢水中的乙酸鹽等易降解成分是導(dǎo)致其促進(jìn)異養(yǎng)菌耗氧的重要原因。為了避免石化廢水中易降解成分對異養(yǎng)菌耗氧的促進(jìn),投加濃度為90 mg/L乙酸鈉,改進(jìn)了活性污泥耗氧速率抑制試驗方法;并利用改進(jìn)前后測定結(jié)果的比較證明了改進(jìn)后方法的優(yōu)越性,同時利用不同排放節(jié)點廢水和不同污泥證明了方法改進(jìn)后的可行性和適用性。利用構(gòu)建的方法評價污水處理廠各工藝流程廢水生物處理毒性,發(fā)現(xiàn)石化總進(jìn)水通過各工藝處理對活性污泥中硝化細(xì)菌的抑制率從64.3%削減到25.9%,但整個過程中抑制率并非逐漸下降;經(jīng)曝氣沉砂池處理后上升,但在后續(xù)初沉池、水解酸化、缺氧段處理后顯著下降,其中水解酸化對生物處理毒性削減貢獻(xiàn)最大,其次為缺氧段。利用該方法評價排入污水廠的不同生產(chǎn)裝置和排放節(jié)點廢水,研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)廢水的有機質(zhì)含量與其生物處理毒性之間沒有直接的相關(guān)性,并不能單從廢水的有機質(zhì)含量預(yù)測其生物處理毒性。利用對應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)毒性物質(zhì)濃度和對應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)毒性物質(zhì)質(zhì)量排放負(fù)荷對不同生產(chǎn)裝置和排放節(jié)點石化廢水的生物處理毒性水平及毒性貢獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行排序,有效識別了該石化工業(yè)園區(qū)內(nèi)有毒廢水的產(chǎn)生來源,為從生產(chǎn)源頭控制廢水毒性提供有效指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:In view of the toxicity impact of petrochemical wastewater on comprehensive wastewater treatment plant, the oxygen consumption rate inhibition test of activated sludge was used to evaluate the toxicity of biological treatment of different petrochemical wastewater. The evaluation objects include the effluent from each process of the integrated wastewater treatment plant in the petrochemical industrial park and the wastewater from different production units and discharge nodes in the wastewater treatment plant. In this study, a set of relatively perfect toxicity assessment methods for bio-treatment of petrochemical wastewater was constructed. The key points of operation technology are defined, and the operation conditions are optimized. The optimized results were as follows: the activated sludge was stored at 4 擄C and the experimental concentration was 1.6g / L, the pH of the sample was about 7, the aeration time was 30min, and the concentration range of the synthetic wastewater was 200,1000 mg/L.. Aiming at the difference of the sensitivity of activated sludge between different batch tests, the data of inhibition effect of wastewater on oxygen consumption rate of activated sludge was transformed into the concentration of standard toxic substance 3,5-dichlorophenol, which improved the comparability of the data. On this basis, according to the flow rate of wastewater and the corresponding concentration of 3,5-dichlorophenol, the discharge load of the corresponding standard toxic substance is calculated, which can be used as an index to evaluate the toxicity contribution of biological treatment of wastewater. Through analyzing the influence of petrochemical wastewater on different microorganisms in activated sludge, it is concluded that petrochemical wastewater has obvious inhibitory effect on nitrifying bacteria in activated sludge, but it can promote oxygen consumption of heterotrophic bacteria at the same time. Because of the concealment of the former, the direct determination of the total oxygen consumption rate is easy to underestimate the toxicity of real biological treatment of wastewater. The oxygen consumption rate of heterotrophic bacteria in activated sludge was further analyzed. It was proved that the easy-to-degrade components such as acetate in petrochemical wastewater were the important reasons for promoting the oxygen consumption of heterotrophic bacteria. In order to avoid promoting the oxygen consumption of heterotrophic bacteria by easily degradable components in petrochemical wastewater, 90 mg/L sodium acetate was added to improve the test method of inhibition of oxygen consumption rate of activated sludge. The advantages of the improved method are proved by the comparison of the measured results before and after the improvement, and the feasibility and applicability of the improved method are proved by using different discharge node wastewater and different sludge. It was found that the inhibition rate of total petrochemical influent on nitrifying bacteria in activated sludge was reduced from 64.3% to 25.9% by using the constructed method to evaluate the toxicity of biological treatment of wastewater from each process of the wastewater treatment plant. However, the inhibition rate did not decrease gradually during the whole process. After treatment with aerated sand sedimentation tank, it increased, but decreased significantly in subsequent primary sedimentation tank, hydrolytic acidification and anoxic stage treatment, in which hydrolytic acidification had the greatest contribution to the reduction of toxicity of biological treatment, followed by anoxic stage. It is found that there is no direct correlation between the organic matter content of the wastewater and the biological treatment toxicity of the wastewater by using this method to evaluate the wastewater of different production units and discharge node wastewater in the wastewater treatment plant. The toxicity of biological treatment can not be predicted from the organic matter content of wastewater alone. Ranking the biological treatment toxicity levels and toxic contributions of petrochemical wastewater from different production units and discharge nodes using the corresponding concentration of the standard toxic substance and the corresponding mass discharge load of the standard toxic substance, Effective identification of the source of toxic wastewater in the petrochemical industrial park provides effective guidance for controlling the toxicity of wastewater from the production source.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X78
本文編號：2449995
[Abstract]:In view of the toxicity impact of petrochemical wastewater on comprehensive wastewater treatment plant, the oxygen consumption rate inhibition test of activated sludge was used to evaluate the toxicity of biological treatment of different petrochemical wastewater. The evaluation objects include the effluent from each process of the integrated wastewater treatment plant in the petrochemical industrial park and the wastewater from different production units and discharge nodes in the wastewater treatment plant. In this study, a set of relatively perfect toxicity assessment methods for bio-treatment of petrochemical wastewater was constructed. The key points of operation technology are defined, and the operation conditions are optimized. The optimized results were as follows: the activated sludge was stored at 4 擄C and the experimental concentration was 1.6g / L, the pH of the sample was about 7, the aeration time was 30min, and the concentration range of the synthetic wastewater was 200,1000 mg/L.. Aiming at the difference of the sensitivity of activated sludge between different batch tests, the data of inhibition effect of wastewater on oxygen consumption rate of activated sludge was transformed into the concentration of standard toxic substance 3,5-dichlorophenol, which improved the comparability of the data. On this basis, according to the flow rate of wastewater and the corresponding concentration of 3,5-dichlorophenol, the discharge load of the corresponding standard toxic substance is calculated, which can be used as an index to evaluate the toxicity contribution of biological treatment of wastewater. Through analyzing the influence of petrochemical wastewater on different microorganisms in activated sludge, it is concluded that petrochemical wastewater has obvious inhibitory effect on nitrifying bacteria in activated sludge, but it can promote oxygen consumption of heterotrophic bacteria at the same time. Because of the concealment of the former, the direct determination of the total oxygen consumption rate is easy to underestimate the toxicity of real biological treatment of wastewater. The oxygen consumption rate of heterotrophic bacteria in activated sludge was further analyzed. It was proved that the easy-to-degrade components such as acetate in petrochemical wastewater were the important reasons for promoting the oxygen consumption of heterotrophic bacteria. In order to avoid promoting the oxygen consumption of heterotrophic bacteria by easily degradable components in petrochemical wastewater, 90 mg/L sodium acetate was added to improve the test method of inhibition of oxygen consumption rate of activated sludge. The advantages of the improved method are proved by the comparison of the measured results before and after the improvement, and the feasibility and applicability of the improved method are proved by using different discharge node wastewater and different sludge. It was found that the inhibition rate of total petrochemical influent on nitrifying bacteria in activated sludge was reduced from 64.3% to 25.9% by using the constructed method to evaluate the toxicity of biological treatment of wastewater from each process of the wastewater treatment plant. However, the inhibition rate did not decrease gradually during the whole process. After treatment with aerated sand sedimentation tank, it increased, but decreased significantly in subsequent primary sedimentation tank, hydrolytic acidification and anoxic stage treatment, in which hydrolytic acidification had the greatest contribution to the reduction of toxicity of biological treatment, followed by anoxic stage. It is found that there is no direct correlation between the organic matter content of the wastewater and the biological treatment toxicity of the wastewater by using this method to evaluate the wastewater of different production units and discharge node wastewater in the wastewater treatment plant. The toxicity of biological treatment can not be predicted from the organic matter content of wastewater alone. Ranking the biological treatment toxicity levels and toxic contributions of petrochemical wastewater from different production units and discharge nodes using the corresponding concentration of the standard toxic substance and the corresponding mass discharge load of the standard toxic substance, Effective identification of the source of toxic wastewater in the petrochemical industrial park provides effective guidance for controlling the toxicity of wastewater from the production source.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X78
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 顏家保,夏明桂;A/O工藝處理煉油廢水的效果分析及對策[J];武漢科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2004年03期
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