【摘要】：目前,污水灌溉已成為我國(guó)最主要的廢水利用方式之一,但不合理污水灌溉會(huì)導(dǎo)致土壤受到重金屬和多環(huán)芳烴等污染物的污染,這已成為我國(guó)面臨的重要環(huán)境問(wèn)題,農(nóng)田重金屬和多環(huán)芳烴污染已經(jīng)成為制約我國(guó)糧食生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要因素。因此,開(kāi)展重金屬、多環(huán)芳烴單一及復(fù)合污染土壤的修復(fù)研究具有十分重要的意義。本文采用室內(nèi)盆栽試驗(yàn),選擇PAHs中具有代表性的四環(huán)化合物芘(Pyrene)作為研究對(duì)象,研究了大豆、龍葵單作和間作對(duì)不同濃度鎘(1、5、25 mg?kg-1)、芘(10、50、250 mg?kg-1)單一及復(fù)合污染土壤的修復(fù)特征,同時(shí)研究了修復(fù)過(guò)程污染物對(duì)大豆籽粒品質(zhì)的影響。結(jié)果表明:(1)對(duì)單一鎘污染土壤的修復(fù)過(guò)程中,污染物鎘抑制了大豆的生長(zhǎng),而對(duì)龍葵的生長(zhǎng)影響不明顯;間作處理在一定程度上促進(jìn)了大豆和龍葵的生長(zhǎng);鎘在大豆中的分布情況是:地下部分地上部分,而在龍葵中的分布情況是:地上部分地下部分;大豆與龍葵間作在一定程度上促進(jìn)了龍葵對(duì)鎘的吸收,間作條件下龍葵地上部分的鎘含量分別比單作條件下分別高出17%、19.93%和8.98%;大豆-龍葵間作的鎘去除率在10.68%~19.07%之間,各種植模式下鎘去除率的情況為:大豆-龍葵間作龍葵單作大豆單作;當(dāng)土壤中鎘濃度為1 mg?kg-1時(shí),單作和間作條件下大豆籽粒中的鎘含量便超過(guò)了食品中污染物限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但可以考慮通過(guò)收獲其油分來(lái)達(dá)到一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。因此,大豆-龍葵間作是一種既能有效修復(fù)鎘污染土壤,又充分利用污染土地資源的修復(fù)模式。(2)對(duì)單一芘污染土壤的修復(fù)的過(guò)程中,低濃度的芘(10 mg?kg-1)在一定程度上促進(jìn)了大豆的生長(zhǎng),而高濃度的芘(250 mg?kg-1)則對(duì)大豆的生長(zhǎng)有抑制作用;龍葵的生長(zhǎng)沒(méi)有受到芘污染(10~250 mg?kg-1)的影響;間作對(duì)大豆、龍葵的生長(zhǎng)均有不同程度的促進(jìn)作用。污染物芘在大豆和龍葵(成熟期)中的分布情況是:地下部分地上部分;間作并未對(duì)大豆、龍葵中的芘含量造成顯著影響。同一污染水平下,不同種植模式的修復(fù)效果為:大豆-龍葵間作大豆單作龍葵單作無(wú)植物對(duì)照。(3)對(duì)鎘-芘復(fù)合污染土壤的修復(fù)過(guò)程中,大豆的生長(zhǎng)受到了明顯的抑制,龍葵的生物量并未受到鎘-芘污染的顯著影響;間作對(duì)大豆的生長(zhǎng)有明顯的促進(jìn)作用,而對(duì)龍葵的生長(zhǎng)促進(jìn)不明顯。鎘-芘的相互作用可能增強(qiáng)了污染物對(duì)大豆的毒性,而龍葵對(duì)鎘-芘復(fù)合污染有著較好的耐性。與單一鎘污染相比,復(fù)合污染情況下大豆中鎘的含量明顯較低,龍葵中的鎘含量明顯較高,說(shuō)明多環(huán)芳烴芘的存在對(duì)大豆、龍葵對(duì)鎘的吸收特征有著不同的影響;復(fù)合污染情況下土壤中鎘的去除率明顯低于單一污染土壤鎘的去除率;復(fù)合污染土壤的芘去除率明顯低于單一污染土壤芘的去除率。(4)同一污染水平下,鎘在大豆各部位中的分布情況是:根部莖葉籽粒;單作間作;本試驗(yàn)中各個(gè)處理大豆籽粒中的鎘含量均超過(guò)了食品中污染物限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),不能直接食用,其利用方式尚待進(jìn)一步研究。
[Abstract]:At present, the sewage irrigation has become one of the most important wastewater utilization methods in China, but the unreasonable sewage irrigation can lead to the pollution of the heavy metal and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, which has become an important environmental problem in our country. Heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution have become an important factor in the food production and economic development in China. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out the research on the single and composite polluted soil of heavy metal, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and compound pollution. In this paper, a representative four-ring compound (Pyrene) in PAHs was selected as the research object, and the repair characteristics of single and composite contaminated soil of soybean and Solanum nigrum were studied. The effect of the pollutant on the grain quality of the soybean was also studied. The results showed that: (1) The growth of the soybean was inhibited by the pollutants, and the growth of the solanum nigrum was not obvious. The distribution of the soybean in the soybean was as follows: (1) The growth of the soybean was inhibited by the pollutant, and the growth of the solanum nigrum was not obvious. The underground part of the underground part, and the distribution of the underground part of the ground part: the underground part of the ground part; the intercropping of the soybean and the nightshade to a certain extent promoted the absorption of the solanum nigrum, and the content of the ground part of the solanum nigrum under the intercropping condition is 17%, 19.93% and 8.98% higher than that under the single-cropping condition respectively; The removal rate of soybean-solanum intercropping was between 10.68% and 19.07%, and the removal rate of soybean-Solanum nigrum was 1 mg 路 kg-1. In that condition of single cropping and intercropping, the content of the oil in the grain of the soybean exceed the limit of the pollutant in the food, but it can be considered to achieve a certain economic benefit by harvesting the oil. Therefore, the soybean-sunflower intercropping is a kind of repair mode which not only can effectively repair the soil polluted by the soil, but also makes full use of the pollution land resources. (2) In the course of the repair of a single contaminated soil, the low concentration of yeast (10 mg? kg-1) promoted the growth of the soybean to a certain extent, while the high concentration of yeast (250 mg? kg-1) had an inhibitory effect on the growth of the soybean; the growth of the Solanum nigrum was not affected by the soil pollution (10-250 mg? kg-1); The intercropping has a different effect on the growth of the soybean and the solanum nigrum. The distribution of the pollutants in the soybean and the solanum nigrum (the mature stage) is the above-ground part of the underground part, and the intercropping does not have a significant effect on the content of the soil in the soybean and the solanum nigrum. Under the same level of pollution, the effects of different planting patterns were as follows: the soybean-Solanum nigrum intercropping soybean was used as a non-plant control. (3) The growth of the soybean was obviously inhibited in the process of the restoration of the soil from the compound contaminated soil, and the biomass of the solanum nigrum was not affected by the pollution of the soil. The intercropping of the soybean had a significant effect on the growth of the soybean, and the growth of the solanum nigrum was not obvious. The interaction of HCO3-1 may enhance the toxicity of the pollutants to the soybean, while the Solanum nigrum has a good resistance to the compound pollution of the soybean. Compared with the single-chain pollution, the content of the soybean in the soybean is obviously lower, and the content of the sulfur in the solanum nigrum is obviously higher, which indicates that the existence of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is different to the absorption characteristics of the soybean and the solanum nigrum to the soybean. The removal rate of the soil in the soil is lower than that of the single-polluted soil, and the removal rate of the soil is lower than that of the single-polluted soil. (4) In the same level of pollution, the distribution of the root of the soybean in the parts of the soybean is as follows: the root and leaf grains; the single cropping and the intercropping; in the test, the content of the selenium in each of the treated soybean grains exceeds the limit standard of the pollutant in the food, can not be eaten directly, and the utilization mode of the soybean is to be further researched.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X53;X173

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