香港地區(qū)臭氧時(shí)空變化特征及成因分析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-23 21:38
【摘要】：本文基于香港地區(qū)2011—2014年不同站點(diǎn)臭氧及其前體物監(jiān)測(cè)資料,運(yùn)用多種統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法、氣流后向軌跡聚類分析以及個(gè)例分析,對(duì)香港城市上風(fēng)向、城中、城市下風(fēng)向以及高山站點(diǎn)觀測(cè)結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,研究香港地區(qū)近年來(lái)臭氧在三維空間上的分布和時(shí)空變化特征,綜合分析氣象條件和化學(xué)過(guò)程對(duì)于該地區(qū)臭氧時(shí)空分布的影響。在水平空間結(jié)構(gòu)上,本文對(duì)比了香港地區(qū)不同地理位置觀測(cè)站的臭氧及總氧化物Ox的季節(jié)分布、日變化,并運(yùn)用Hysplit模式計(jì)算香港多年后向氣流軌跡進(jìn)而進(jìn)行聚類分析,對(duì)影響香港地區(qū)空氣污染物分布的氣團(tuán)來(lái)源進(jìn)行歸類,同時(shí)解析每一類氣團(tuán)對(duì)香港臭氧以及臭氧前體物的時(shí)空分布的影響。香港地區(qū)全年臭氧呈現(xiàn)出秋季十月份最高、夏季七月份最低的季節(jié)分布,臭氧的日變化呈現(xiàn)出雙峰模式,小高峰出現(xiàn)在凌晨四點(diǎn)左右,日高峰在下午三點(diǎn)至四點(diǎn)之間,而且城區(qū)站點(diǎn)的雙峰時(shí)間間距小于市鎮(zhèn)站點(diǎn)和郊區(qū)站點(diǎn)。影響香港的氣團(tuán)來(lái)源呈現(xiàn)顯著性季節(jié)變化,夏季受南面海洋性氣團(tuán)影響較大而秋冬季節(jié)則多受北面中國(guó)內(nèi)陸沿海過(guò)來(lái)的氣團(tuán)的影響。為進(jìn)一步分析香港地區(qū)下風(fēng)向站點(diǎn)即香港國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)及其周邊地區(qū)臭氧和總氧化物的變化特征和規(guī)律,揭示相關(guān)成因,本文選取了香港機(jī)場(chǎng)附近多個(gè)站點(diǎn)高濃度臭氧事件進(jìn)行分析,同時(shí)利用位于海上的站點(diǎn)作為中國(guó)內(nèi)地的珠三角地區(qū)進(jìn)入香港氣團(tuán)的背景站,分析香港機(jī)場(chǎng)局地排放造成的影響以及排放特點(diǎn),發(fā)現(xiàn)機(jī)場(chǎng)附近由飛機(jī)等交通工具排放的NOx中N02的比例很高,這與通常報(bào)道的城市中汽車引擎排放的NOx中以NO為主不同,因此本文推斷機(jī)場(chǎng)站點(diǎn)不能作為香港主導(dǎo)風(fēng)向下風(fēng)向的代表性站點(diǎn)。同時(shí)本文通過(guò)個(gè)例分析研究了珠三角氣團(tuán)對(duì)于香港污染物中NO, NO2以及CO的貢獻(xiàn),并由此認(rèn)為東涌站點(diǎn)受珠三角地區(qū)跨區(qū)域傳輸影響較大,作為香港下風(fēng)向代表性站點(diǎn)也不合適,如需要研究香港城區(qū)對(duì)于下風(fēng)向站點(diǎn)的影響,應(yīng)該考慮選取別的站點(diǎn)作為代表。在垂直空間結(jié)構(gòu)上,本文通過(guò)對(duì)比香港最高山大帽山山頂站與地面大氣背景站塔門站的臭氧及Ox季節(jié)分布、日變化、年際差異,結(jié)合相關(guān)氣象要素解析香港地區(qū)在空間垂直結(jié)構(gòu)上的臭氧分布特征,通過(guò)高山站春、夏這兩個(gè)季節(jié)的高濃度臭氧事件起因的分析,探討大氣邊界層高度的變化、中尺度環(huán)流與西太平洋海面臺(tái)風(fēng)對(duì)于香港高山站臭氧分布的影響,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)香港臭氧的濃度年際差異與季風(fēng)強(qiáng)弱年際差異緊密相關(guān),氣候系統(tǒng)的年際變化可通過(guò)影響長(zhǎng)距離傳輸影響香港地區(qū)大氣氧化性和臭氧的分布；夏季西太平洋臺(tái)風(fēng)可通過(guò)影響水平傳輸將中國(guó)內(nèi)地臭氧前體物濃度較高的氣團(tuán)通過(guò)長(zhǎng)距離傳輸?shù)较愀鄹呖?給香港山區(qū)造成光化學(xué)污染事件。
[Abstract]:Based on the monitoring data of ozone and its precursors at different stations in Hong Kong from 2011 to 2014, this paper applies a variety of statistical analysis methods, gas flow backward trajectory cluster analysis and case study to analyze the wind direction in the city of Hong Kong. In this paper, the spatial and temporal distribution of ozone in Hong Kong is studied, and the influence of meteorological conditions and chemical processes on the spatial and temporal distribution of ozone in Hong Kong is analyzed. In terms of horizontal spatial structure, the seasonal distribution and diurnal variation of ozone and total oxide Ox at different geographical stations in Hong Kong are compared, and the Hysplit model is used to calculate the track of backward air flow in Hong Kong for many years, and then cluster analysis is carried out. The air mass sources affecting the distribution of air pollutants in Hong Kong are classified and the effects of each type of air mass on the spatial and temporal distribution of ozone and its precursors in Hong Kong are analyzed. Throughout the year, the ozone level in Hong Kong was the highest in October in autumn and the lowest in July. The diurnal variation of ozone showed a double-peak pattern, with a small peak around 4 am and a daily peak between 3: 00 p.m. and 4: 00 p.m. And the bimodal time interval of the urban site is smaller than that of the town site and the suburban site. The sources of air mass in Hong Kong show significant seasonal changes. The sea air mass in summer is more affected by oceanic air mass in the south, while the autumn and winter seasons are mostly affected by the air masses from the inland coastal areas in the north of China. In order to further analyze the variation characteristics and laws of ozone and total oxides at the downwind direction station in Hong Kong, that is, the Hong Kong International Airport and its surrounding areas, and to reveal the relevant causes, This paper selects several stations near the Hong Kong Airport to analyze the high concentration ozone events, and uses the offshore stations as the background stations for the Pearl River Delta region in the mainland of China to enter Hong Kong air mass. Based on an analysis of the impact of local emissions from the Hong Kong Airport and the emission characteristics, it is found that the proportion of N02 in NOx emitted by aircraft and other vehicles near the airport is very high, which is different from the fact that NO is the main source of NOx emitted by automobile engines in cities. Therefore, this paper inferred that the airport station is not representative of the leading wind direction in Hong Kong. At the same time, the contribution of air mass in the Pearl River Delta to NO, NO2 and CO in Hong Kong is analyzed through an example, and it is concluded that the Tung Chung Station is greatly affected by the transregional transmission in the Pearl River Delta region. As a representative site of downwind direction in Hong Kong, if it is necessary to study the impact of Hong Kong urban area on the downwind site, other sites should be considered as the representative. In terms of vertical spatial structure, this paper compares the seasonal distribution of ozone and Ox between Tai Mo Shan Peak Station, the highest mountain in Hong Kong, and Tap Mun Station, the ground atmosphere background station, diurnal variation and interannual difference. Combined with the related meteorological elements to analyze the spatial vertical structure of ozone distribution in Hong Kong, and through the analysis of the causes of high concentration ozone events in spring and summer, the variation of atmospheric boundary layer height is discussed. The influence of mesoscale circulation and typhoon in the western Pacific on the ozone distribution in Hong Kong alpine station is studied. It is found that the interannual variation of ozone concentration in Hong Kong is closely related to the interannual variation of monsoon intensity. The interannual variability of the climate system can affect the atmospheric oxidation and ozone distribution in Hong Kong by influencing long-range transport; In summer, a typhoon in the western Pacific Ocean can transport the air mass with high ozone precursor concentration in the mainland of China to the high altitude of Hong Kong over a long distance through the influence horizontal transport, resulting in photochemical pollution events in the hilly areas of Hong Kong.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X515
本文編號(hào)：2429229
[Abstract]:Based on the monitoring data of ozone and its precursors at different stations in Hong Kong from 2011 to 2014, this paper applies a variety of statistical analysis methods, gas flow backward trajectory cluster analysis and case study to analyze the wind direction in the city of Hong Kong. In this paper, the spatial and temporal distribution of ozone in Hong Kong is studied, and the influence of meteorological conditions and chemical processes on the spatial and temporal distribution of ozone in Hong Kong is analyzed. In terms of horizontal spatial structure, the seasonal distribution and diurnal variation of ozone and total oxide Ox at different geographical stations in Hong Kong are compared, and the Hysplit model is used to calculate the track of backward air flow in Hong Kong for many years, and then cluster analysis is carried out. The air mass sources affecting the distribution of air pollutants in Hong Kong are classified and the effects of each type of air mass on the spatial and temporal distribution of ozone and its precursors in Hong Kong are analyzed. Throughout the year, the ozone level in Hong Kong was the highest in October in autumn and the lowest in July. The diurnal variation of ozone showed a double-peak pattern, with a small peak around 4 am and a daily peak between 3: 00 p.m. and 4: 00 p.m. And the bimodal time interval of the urban site is smaller than that of the town site and the suburban site. The sources of air mass in Hong Kong show significant seasonal changes. The sea air mass in summer is more affected by oceanic air mass in the south, while the autumn and winter seasons are mostly affected by the air masses from the inland coastal areas in the north of China. In order to further analyze the variation characteristics and laws of ozone and total oxides at the downwind direction station in Hong Kong, that is, the Hong Kong International Airport and its surrounding areas, and to reveal the relevant causes, This paper selects several stations near the Hong Kong Airport to analyze the high concentration ozone events, and uses the offshore stations as the background stations for the Pearl River Delta region in the mainland of China to enter Hong Kong air mass. Based on an analysis of the impact of local emissions from the Hong Kong Airport and the emission characteristics, it is found that the proportion of N02 in NOx emitted by aircraft and other vehicles near the airport is very high, which is different from the fact that NO is the main source of NOx emitted by automobile engines in cities. Therefore, this paper inferred that the airport station is not representative of the leading wind direction in Hong Kong. At the same time, the contribution of air mass in the Pearl River Delta to NO, NO2 and CO in Hong Kong is analyzed through an example, and it is concluded that the Tung Chung Station is greatly affected by the transregional transmission in the Pearl River Delta region. As a representative site of downwind direction in Hong Kong, if it is necessary to study the impact of Hong Kong urban area on the downwind site, other sites should be considered as the representative. In terms of vertical spatial structure, this paper compares the seasonal distribution of ozone and Ox between Tai Mo Shan Peak Station, the highest mountain in Hong Kong, and Tap Mun Station, the ground atmosphere background station, diurnal variation and interannual difference. Combined with the related meteorological elements to analyze the spatial vertical structure of ozone distribution in Hong Kong, and through the analysis of the causes of high concentration ozone events in spring and summer, the variation of atmospheric boundary layer height is discussed. The influence of mesoscale circulation and typhoon in the western Pacific on the ozone distribution in Hong Kong alpine station is studied. It is found that the interannual variation of ozone concentration in Hong Kong is closely related to the interannual variation of monsoon intensity. The interannual variability of the climate system can affect the atmospheric oxidation and ozone distribution in Hong Kong by influencing long-range transport; In summer, a typhoon in the western Pacific Ocean can transport the air mass with high ozone precursor concentration in the mainland of China to the high altitude of Hong Kong over a long distance through the influence horizontal transport, resulting in photochemical pollution events in the hilly areas of Hong Kong.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X515
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