【摘要】：抗生素菌渣是抗生素發(fā)酵生產(chǎn)過(guò)程產(chǎn)生的一種生物質(zhì)廢棄物,其有機(jī)成分主要由菌絲體和殘留發(fā)酵原料構(gòu)成。由于富含蛋白質(zhì)和糖類(lèi)等營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分,曾經(jīng)的主要利用方式是經(jīng)干燥處理后作為動(dòng)物飼料添加劑或者作為土壤改良劑,但由于其中殘留抗生素,易在動(dòng)植物體內(nèi)及肉、蛋內(nèi)形成抗生素積累,存在嚴(yán)重的安全隱患,我國(guó)已經(jīng)在2008年將抗生素菌渣列位危險(xiǎn)廢棄物,嚴(yán)格禁止飼料和肥料利用,要求其排放前必須進(jìn)行無(wú)害化處理�？股鼐吆译y以機(jī)械脫除、加之抗生素殘留對(duì)常規(guī)生物質(zhì)固廢處理的限制作用,迄今還沒(méi)有形成有效的技術(shù)對(duì)其加以處理和資源化。研發(fā)安全地、有效地處理各種抗生素菌渣的方法,是當(dāng)前急需解決的一個(gè)任務(wù)。以頭孢菌素C菌渣為原料,本論文開(kāi)展了其水熱預(yù)處理結(jié)合厭氧發(fā)酵甲烷化的研究,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及成果如下:首先,開(kāi)展不同條件下菌渣水熱預(yù)處理實(shí)驗(yàn),并考察了菌渣的產(chǎn)氣潛力。不同水熱處理?xiàng)l件為:處理溫度80 oC、120 oC、160 oC、180 oC,處理時(shí)間0min、30min、60min。經(jīng)過(guò)水熱預(yù)處理后菌渣中的固體物質(zhì)的干燥性、脫水性有了明顯改善,尤其是代表可生化能力的SCOD有了明顯的提高,這意味著經(jīng)過(guò)水熱處理之后具有更高的產(chǎn)甲烷的潛力。厭氧消化實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,在優(yōu)化的條件120 oC、60min下進(jìn)行水熱處理后,菌渣產(chǎn)氣量(290mlCH4/g VS)達(dá)原料的3倍。其次,為降低水熱預(yù)處理強(qiáng)度,開(kāi)展了低溫水熱處理產(chǎn)氣研究,并針對(duì)低溫水熱產(chǎn)量低的問(wèn)題,進(jìn)行了加堿強(qiáng)化的研究。低溫水熱處理?xiàng)l件:溫度60 oC、80 oC、100 oC;處理時(shí)間0min、60min、120min。堿熱條件為:在80 oC、60 min和100 oC,60 min的水熱條件下,加NaOH 0.04g/gTS。發(fā)現(xiàn)延長(zhǎng)處理時(shí)間并沒(méi)有明顯的提高產(chǎn)氣量,但堿熱有一定的改善效果。100 oC、60min水熱處理時(shí)加堿比相同水熱條件下提高20 ml CH4/gTS,產(chǎn)氣量213 ml CH4/gVS。最后,進(jìn)行了不同濃度和不同接種量時(shí)產(chǎn)沼氣實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,探究消化過(guò)程中抑制的因素并獲得及消除方法。按照處理后的菌渣(水熱處理?xiàng)l件:120 oC 30min)與接種物體積比為1:5,2:4,3:3的比例進(jìn)行消化,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),由于菌渣中的蛋白質(zhì)在水熱和發(fā)酵當(dāng)中會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的氨氮引起的氨氮抑制作用,隨消化基質(zhì)濃度升高,產(chǎn)氣量降低,當(dāng)接種體積比3:3時(shí),氨氮濃度超過(guò)2800mg/L)消化失敗。針對(duì)高濃度氨氮抑制作用,采用了沸石吸附法、物理吹脫法、化學(xué)法(水熱處理的同時(shí)加CaO,之后進(jìn)行物理吹脫除氨氮)進(jìn)行了除氨氮實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明,氨氮被部分脫除之后,消化能夠一定程度恢復(fù)。
[Abstract]:Antibiotic residue is a kind of biomass waste produced in the process of antibiotic fermentation. Its organic composition is mainly composed of mycelium and residue fermentation raw material. Because they are rich in nutrients such as proteins and sugars, the main way to use them was to use them as animal feed additives or as soil improvers after drying, but because of the residues of antibiotics in them, they were easy to be used in animals and plants and in meat. The accumulation of antibiotics in eggs has serious potential safety problems. In 2008, our country has listed antibiotic bacteria residue as hazardous waste, strictly prohibited the use of feed and fertilizer, and required harmless treatment before its discharge. The antibiotic bacteria residue has high water content and is difficult to be removed mechanically. In addition, the antibiotic residue has no effective technology to treat and reuse the waste of conventional biomass. It is an urgent task to develop a safe and effective method to deal with all kinds of antibiotic bacteria residue. Using cephalosporin C bacteria dregs as raw material, the hydrothermal pretreatment and methanation of anaerobic fermentation were carried out in this paper. The main research contents and results were as follows: firstly, the hydrothermal pretreatment experiments of bacteria residue under different conditions were carried out. The gas production potential of bacteria residue was also investigated. Different hydrothermal treatment conditions were as follows: treatment temperature 80 oC,120 oC,160 oC,180 oC, treatment time 0 min ~ 30 min ~ 60 min. After hydrothermal pretreatment, the desiccation of the solid material in the bacteria residue was obviously improved, especially the SCOD, which represented the biodegradability, which meant that the hydrothermal treatment had higher methanogenic potential. The results of anaerobic digestion showed that after hydrothermal treatment under the optimized conditions of 120 oC,60min, the gas production (290mlCH4/g VS) of the bacteria residue was 3 times as much as that of the raw material. Secondly, in order to reduce the intensity of hydrothermal pretreatment, the research on gas production by low-temperature hydrothermal treatment was carried out, and the alkali strengthening was carried out to solve the problem of low hydrothermal yield at low temperature. Low temperature hydrothermal treatment condition: temperature 60 oC,80 oC,100 oC; treatment time 0 min ~ 60 min ~ 120 min. The alkali-thermal conditions are as follows: under hydrothermal conditions of 80 oC,60 min and 100 oC,60 min, the addition of NaOH 0.04g / g TSs. It was found that prolonging the treatment time did not obviously increase the gas production, but the alkali heat had a certain improvement effect. The gas production of 20 ml CH4/gTS, was increased by adding alkali at 100 oC,60min hydrothermal treatment compared with the same hydrothermal condition. Finally, the experimental study of biogas production with different concentration and inoculation was carried out to explore the factors of inhibition during digestion and to obtain and eliminate the methods. According to the ratio of 1: 5: 2: 2: 4: 3 of the treated bacteria residue (hydrothermal treatment condition: 120 oC 30min) to the inoculum volume ratio, the results showed that, Due to the inhibition of ammonia nitrogen caused by a large amount of ammonia nitrogen produced by the protein in bacteria residue during hydrothermal and fermentation, the gas production decreased with the increase of the concentration of digestive substrate. When the inoculation volume ratio was 3:3, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen exceeded 2800mg/L) digestion failed. Aiming at the inhibition of high concentration of ammonia nitrogen, zeolite adsorption method, physical blowing method and chemical method (physical blowing and removing nitrogen after hydrothermal treatment and CaO,) were adopted. The results showed that ammonia nitrogen was partially removed. Digestion can recover to a certain extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X787;TQ221.11

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本文編號(hào)：2427767