【摘要】：隨著人類社會(huì)、科技以及工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,地球生態(tài)環(huán)境遭到了極大的破壞,尤其是水資源受到了嚴(yán)重的污染。印染、造紙、服裝、食品以及塑料行業(yè)大量使用有機(jī)染料,而這些有機(jī)染料會(huì)隨著這些行業(yè)的工業(yè)廢水排放進(jìn)入自然界的水循環(huán)系統(tǒng),破壞水中動(dòng)植物的生態(tài)環(huán)境,甚至?xí)：θ祟惖纳眢w健康。因此急需無污染、高效、經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用的廢水處理材料和方法來解決廢水中的染料問題。物理吸附被認(rèn)為是一種環(huán)境友好、效果顯著的水中染料處理手段。19世紀(jì)中葉以來,鎂基氫氧化物受到廣泛關(guān)注,它被稱為“綠色安全的大自然凈化劑”,其對(duì)染料的優(yōu)秀吸附性能,較大的比表面積以及無污染的特性使它成為一種潛力巨大的物理吸附材料。本論文采用濕化學(xué)法制備了氧化石墨烯-氫氧化鎂納米片復(fù)合材料和鎂鋁層狀雙氫氧化物,并研究了它們對(duì)水中陰離子型染料剛果紅的吸附性能。首先以硝酸鎂和氧化石墨烯(graphene oxide,GO)為前驅(qū)體,氫氧化鈉和氨水混合物為沉淀劑,草酸鈉為添加劑通過一步水熱制備出GO-Mg(OH)2復(fù)合材料。通過測(cè)試復(fù)合材料對(duì)剛果紅染料的吸附性能,研究了氧化石墨烯的加入量對(duì)于氫氧化鎂納米片吸附染料性能的影響。研究結(jié)果表明氧化石墨烯的加入可以增加氫氧化鎂納米片的比表面積,有助于提高其染料吸附性能,并發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)加入0.5%wt的GO時(shí)復(fù)合材料的吸附性能最佳。同時(shí)復(fù)合材料對(duì)于剛果紅染料的吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明該材料對(duì)于染料的吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)符合準(zhǔn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,其吸附熱力學(xué)符合Langmuir熱力學(xué)模型。吸附活化能實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示GO-Mg(OH)2復(fù)合材料對(duì)于剛果紅染料的吸附過程屬于物理吸附。鎂鋁層狀雙氫氧化物(Mg/Al layered double hydroxide,Mg/Al LDHs)是以硝酸鎂和硝酸鋁為前驅(qū)體,氫氧化鈉為沉淀劑,十二烷基苯磺酸鈉(dodecylbenzenesulfonate,DBS)為添加劑,通過一步沉淀法制備得到的,并與氫氧化鎂與氫氧化鋁對(duì)比研究了它們對(duì)于剛果紅染料的吸附性能。研究結(jié)果顯示Mg/Al LDHs吸附剛果紅染料的動(dòng)力學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)符合準(zhǔn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,并且熱力學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明它的吸附熱力學(xué)過程符合Langmuir單分子層吸附。吸附活化能實(shí)驗(yàn)計(jì)算得出其吸附活化能為32.9 kJ mol-1,證明吸附類型屬于物理吸附。通過與單金屬氫氧化物對(duì)比顯示鎂鋁層狀雙氫氧化物擁有更高的吸附活性,因?yàn)镸g/Al LDHs具有的特殊層狀結(jié)構(gòu)和層間帶有的正電荷使它更易吸附剛果紅陰離子染料。循環(huán)活性實(shí)驗(yàn)證明它是一種穩(wěn)定、易再生、循環(huán)性能優(yōu)越的染料吸附材料。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of human society, science and technology and industry, the ecological environment of the earth has been greatly damaged, especially the serious pollution of water resources. The printing and dyeing, papermaking, clothing, food and plastics industries use organic dyes in large quantities, and these organic dyes are discharged into the natural water circulation system with the industrial wastewater from these industries, damaging the ecological environment of plants and animals in the water. It can even endanger human health. Therefore, no pollution, high efficiency, economic and practical wastewater treatment materials and methods are urgently needed to solve the dye problem in wastewater. Physical adsorption is considered to be an environmentally friendly and effective means of dye treatment in water. Since the middle of the 19th century, magnesium hydroxide has received widespread attention and is known as a "green and safe nature purifier". Because of its excellent adsorption performance, large specific surface area and no pollution, it has become a potential physical adsorption material. In this paper, graphene oxide / magnesium hydroxide nanocomposites and magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxides were prepared by wet chemical method, and their adsorption properties for Congo red, an anionic dye in water, were studied. Firstly, magnesium nitrate and graphene oxide (graphene oxide,GO) were used as precursors, the mixture of sodium hydroxide and ammonia as precipitant and sodium oxalate as additive to prepare GO-Mg (OH) _ 2 composites by one-step hydrothermal treatment. The influence of the amount of graphene oxide on the adsorption of Congo red dyes on magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles was studied by measuring the adsorption properties of Congo red dyes. The results show that the addition of graphene oxide can increase the specific surface area of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles and help to improve the adsorption properties of the dyes. It is also found that the composite material has the best adsorption performance when GO is added with 0.5%wt. At the same time, the adsorption kinetics of the composite materials for Congo red dyes was found to be in accordance with the quasi-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption thermodynamics was in accordance with the Langmuir thermodynamic model. The results of adsorption activation energy experiments show that the adsorption of Congo red dyes by GO-Mg (OH) _ 2 composite is a physical adsorption process. Magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxides (Mg/Al layered double hydroxide,Mg/Al LDHs) were prepared by one step precipitation method using magnesium nitrate and aluminum nitrate as precursors, sodium hydroxide as precipitant and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (dodecylbenzenesulfonate,DBS) as additive. Compared with magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide, the adsorption properties of Congo red dyes were studied. The results show that the kinetic data of adsorption of Congo red dyes by Mg/Al LDHs accord with the quasi-second-order kinetic model, and the thermodynamic experiments show that the adsorption thermodynamic process accords with the adsorption of Langmuir monolayers. The adsorption activation energy was calculated by experiments. The adsorption activation energy is 32. 9 kJ mol-1,. It is proved that the adsorption type belongs to physical adsorption. Compared with monometallic hydroxides, Mg-Al layered double hydroxides have higher adsorption activity, because Mg/Al LDHs has special layered structure and positive charge between layers, which makes it easier to adsorb Congo red anion dyes. It is proved by cyclic activity experiment that it is a stable, easy to regenerate and excellent cycling dye adsorption material.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703;TQ424

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本文編號(hào)：2420360