【摘要】：當(dāng)今世界,可持續(xù)發(fā)展是社會(huì)發(fā)展的主題,更是我國(guó)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展的基本國(guó)策。水資源作為人類賴以生存和社會(huì)文明發(fā)展的基本源泉,也是任何國(guó)家和地區(qū)永遠(yuǎn)不可或缺的戰(zhàn)略資源。圍繞水資源的保護(hù)和良好利用,從社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、環(huán)境生態(tài)的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的角度,我國(guó)尤在近10多年來開展了許多的深入理論與技術(shù)的研究,和相關(guān)政策措施的制定,以求建立一套完善的水資源的生態(tài)發(fā)展機(jī)制,推動(dòng)水資源的保護(hù)。在我國(guó),城市水源中將近80%湖泊和90%河流都受到了不同程度的污染,湖南省也正面臨著水資源安全問題,嚴(yán)重威脅著人民的身體健康和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。在國(guó)家啟動(dòng)《良好湖泊生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)規(guī)劃(2011-2020年)》的背景下,湖南的東江湖被納入國(guó)家“十二五”重點(diǎn)保護(hù)范圍內(nèi)。東江湖水量充沛,水質(zhì)總體狀況良好,除了流域內(nèi)供給外,還擔(dān)當(dāng)起下游湘江流域的水資源保障。但隨著東江湖流域內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,流域生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)承受著越來越大的壓力,東江湖水質(zhì)保障存在越來越大的危機(jī),從近些年的監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)顯示東江湖水質(zhì)存在個(gè)別下降的趨勢(shì)。本文將就東江湖社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、生態(tài)環(huán)境調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,開展東江湖生態(tài)環(huán)境演變趨勢(shì)的預(yù)測(cè),通過承載力分析,提出相應(yīng)的污染控制重點(diǎn)和目標(biāo),為東江湖生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)提供相應(yīng)的依據(jù)。通過研究東江湖水環(huán)境質(zhì)量總體狀況仍處于全球天然淡水基本相當(dāng)?shù)乃?是一種清潔水體,但局部受到輕微污染。飲用水源一級(jí)保護(hù)區(qū)主要指標(biāo)優(yōu)于Ⅰ類,但總磷優(yōu)于Ⅱ類,二級(jí)保護(hù)區(qū)主要指標(biāo)優(yōu)于Ⅱ類,但總磷、鉛、砷優(yōu)于Ⅲ類,東江湖全流域特征污染物為總磷。流域局部存在中營(yíng)養(yǎng)級(jí)狀態(tài),總體處于貧營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平。從污染源分析上主要存在5個(gè)方面的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題：一是環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施落后,人口和消費(fèi)增長(zhǎng)是生活污染加��；二是礦產(chǎn)開發(fā)加劇水土流失,重金屬污染潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大；三是網(wǎng)箱養(yǎng)殖污染負(fù)荷大,導(dǎo)致局部水域營(yíng)養(yǎng)程度較高；四是產(chǎn)業(yè)布局不合理；五是環(huán)境監(jiān)管制度與體系不健全,環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)能力技術(shù)薄弱。基于社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和人口發(fā)展,以2011年為基準(zhǔn)年,對(duì)特征污染物總磷濃度變化趨勢(shì)分析,10%消減以下不能滿足Ⅱ類水標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在15%消減下可達(dá)到Ⅱ類水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。對(duì)東江湖生態(tài)承載力分析,其總磷已超出環(huán)境容量,COD、氨氮、總氮均有剩余容量,土地資源承載力介于70.65～119.68萬人之間,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)在不收土地資源的約束。在以上研究的基礎(chǔ)上提出東江湖生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)的總體目標(biāo)為,2012-2015年,東江湖一級(jí)保護(hù)區(qū)水質(zhì)繼續(xù)保持地表水Ⅰ類標(biāo)準(zhǔn),全湖總體水質(zhì)優(yōu)于Ⅱ類,庫(kù)岔庫(kù)灣處水質(zhì)得到明顯改善,入湖河流水質(zhì)持續(xù)穩(wěn)定達(dá)到Ⅲ類,局部水域富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化趨勢(shì)得到有效控制,全湖控制在貧營(yíng)養(yǎng)化狀態(tài)。
[Abstract]:In today's world, sustainable development is the theme of social development and the basic national policy of our country's social and economic development. As the basic source of human survival and the development of social civilization, water resources are always indispensable strategic resources for any country and region. Focusing on the protection and good utilization of water resources, and from the perspective of coordinated development of society, economy and environment and ecology, China has carried out many in-depth theoretical and technical studies, as well as the formulation of relevant policies and measures, especially in the recent 10 years. In order to establish a set of perfect ecological development mechanism of water resources, promote the protection of water resources. In China, nearly 80% of the lakes and 90% of the rivers in urban water sources are polluted to varying degrees. Hunan Province is also facing the problem of water resources security, which seriously threatens the health of the people and the sustainable development of regional economy. Under the background of "good Lake Ecological Environment Protection Program (2011-2020)", Dongjiang Lake in Hunan Province was included in the national "12th Five-Year Plan" key protection scope. Dongjiang Lake has abundant water quantity and good water quality. In addition to the supply in the basin, it also acts as the guarantee of water resources in the lower Xiangjiang River Basin. However, with the development of economy in Dongjiang Lake Basin, the ecological environment protection is under more and more pressure, and the water quality guarantee of Dongjiang Lake is in more and more serious crisis. The monitoring data in recent years show that the water quality of Dongjiang Lake is declining individually. Based on the investigation of the social, economic and ecological environment of Dongjiang Lake, this paper will carry out the prediction of the ecological environment evolution trend of Dongjiang Lake, and put forward the corresponding pollution control emphases and objectives through carrying capacity analysis. To provide the corresponding basis for the ecological environment protection of Dongjiang Lake. The water environmental quality of Dongjiang Lake is still in the same level as the global natural fresh water. It is a kind of clean water body, but it is slightly polluted. The main indexes of the first class protected area of drinking water were better than that of class 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：2416044