【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)鐵路建設(shè)的發(fā)展,鐵路建設(shè)對(duì)環(huán)境的各種負(fù)面影響日益突出,鐵路建設(shè)項(xiàng)目環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)工作受到廣泛關(guān)注。本文以鐵路建設(shè)工程特性為出發(fā)點(diǎn),提出了鐵路環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)的研究范圍一一鐵路路域生態(tài)系統(tǒng),并從系統(tǒng)理論和環(huán)境承載力等理論出發(fā),構(gòu)建了鐵路建設(shè)環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)的理論支撐,概述了鐵路建設(shè)項(xiàng)目對(duì)于生態(tài)環(huán)境、土地資源、水環(huán)境、大氣環(huán)境和聲環(huán)境的一般影響,確立了鐵路建設(shè)項(xiàng)目環(huán)境影響綜合評(píng)價(jià)的基本內(nèi)容,構(gòu)建了評(píng)價(jià)模型,并基于PSR框架模型,構(gòu)建了鐵路建設(shè)項(xiàng)目和鐵路在運(yùn)營(yíng)期間的指標(biāo)體系。指標(biāo)體系中的指標(biāo)的重要程度是不相同的,因此,對(duì)于指標(biāo)的選取也是環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)中比較重要的一環(huán),本文提出了列表篩選法、主成分分析法和層次分析法對(duì)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行排序。環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)中選取的指標(biāo)的定量化一直是環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)的主要研究對(duì)象之一,本文對(duì)各評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了定量化的探討,在各指標(biāo)定量化的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了鐵路建設(shè)環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)的數(shù)學(xué)模型和計(jì)算流程,并以蘭州至烏魯木齊第二雙線(甘肅段)的鐵路建設(shè)為實(shí)例,驗(yàn)證了本文所提出的有關(guān)于鐵路環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)的研究。
[Abstract]:With the development of railway construction in China, the negative impact of railway construction on the environment has become increasingly prominent, and environmental evaluation of railway construction projects has received extensive attention. Based on the characteristics of railway construction engineering, this paper puts forward the research scope of railway environmental impact assessment-railway road ecosystem, and proceeds from the system theory and environmental bearing capacity theory. The theoretical support of environmental impact assessment of railway construction is constructed, and the general effects of railway construction projects on ecological environment, land resources, water environment, atmospheric environment and sound environment are summarized. The basic contents of comprehensive environmental impact assessment of railway construction projects are established, and the evaluation model is constructed. Based on the PSR framework model, the index system of railway construction projects and railway during the operation period is constructed. The importance of indicators in the index system is not the same. Therefore, the selection of indicators is also an important part of environmental impact assessment. In this paper, the list screening method, principal component analysis and analytic hierarchy process are proposed to sort the indicators. The quantification of selected indicators in environmental assessment is always one of the main research objects of environmental impact assessment. This paper puts forward the mathematical model and calculation flow of environmental impact assessment of railway construction, and takes the railway construction of the second double track from Lanzhou to Urumqi (Gansu section) as an example to verify the research on railway environmental impact assessment proposed in this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X82;U212

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