【摘要】：富營養(yǎng)化是全球環(huán)境問題,貴州地處長江和珠江上游流域,區(qū)域內(nèi)水質(zhì)狀況直接影響著下游地區(qū),對其水庫開展富營養(yǎng)化特征及影響因素研究意義重大。于2012年11月(枯水期)、2013年4月(平水期)和7月(豐水期)對龍灘水庫、萬峰湖水庫和三板溪水庫進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究,研究內(nèi)容包括水庫水體環(huán)境因子、富營養(yǎng)化指標(biāo)及浮游動植物特征等,運(yùn)用營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)指數(shù),綜合營養(yǎng)指數(shù),生物多樣性指數(shù)等方法對水庫進(jìn)行富營養(yǎng)化評價(jià)分析,結(jié)果表明:(1)三座水庫呈不同富營養(yǎng)化水平,龍灘水庫富營養(yǎng)化水平較低,為貧營養(yǎng)到中營養(yǎng)水平;萬峰湖水庫為中營養(yǎng)到輕度富營養(yǎng)化水平;三板溪水庫富營養(yǎng)化水平較高,為中營養(yǎng)到中度富營養(yǎng)化水平。不同水期富營養(yǎng)化特征有差異,枯水期各水庫富營養(yǎng)化水平較低,平水期和豐水期較高;垂直斷面內(nèi),枯水期各水層富營養(yǎng)化差異不顯著,平水期和豐水期富營養(yǎng)化水平隨水深的增加而降低,特別指出,湖下層60m水層至底層,受總磷濃度升高的影響,富營養(yǎng)化程度略有增加。因此,水庫上層和下層富營養(yǎng)化程度較高,中層富營養(yǎng)化程度較低,從飲用水供水角度,為保證水質(zhì)清潔,可考慮從中層取水。(2)三座深水水庫出現(xiàn)水體熱分層現(xiàn)象,枯水期均為單溫躍層結(jié)構(gòu),龍灘水庫、萬峰湖水庫、三板溪水庫的溫躍層分別出現(xiàn)60~80 m、40~60 m和50~70 m。在平水期和豐水期垂直斷面內(nèi)呈整體分層。通過對多因子聚類分析,枯水期各水庫均分為上層和下層。平水期和豐水期多分為上層、中層和下層。熱分層主導(dǎo)其他環(huán)境因子的分層結(jié)構(gòu),從而間接影響富營養(yǎng)化的分層狀況。(3)浮游植物指示的富營養(yǎng)化水平為:三板溪水庫為富營養(yǎng)狀態(tài),萬峰湖水庫為中營養(yǎng)狀態(tài),龍灘水庫最低,為貧營養(yǎng)狀態(tài),評價(jià)結(jié)果與綜合營養(yǎng)指數(shù)相符。而浮游動物指示的三座水庫均為為中污型,而且在富營養(yǎng)化比較上與綜合營養(yǎng)指數(shù)和浮游植物評價(jià)結(jié)果有所差別,因此,評價(jià)結(jié)果傾向于利采用綜合營養(yǎng)指數(shù)。(4)三座深水水庫表層至20 m是浮游植物最活躍的水層,也是水度、溶解氧、p H等環(huán)境因子變化最顯著的水層,龍灘水庫和三板溪水庫的湖下層總磷污染負(fù)荷較高,季節(jié)性的水體對流使底層高濃度的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)擴(kuò)散到上層水體,容易誘使浮游植物爆發(fā)形成水華。
[Abstract]:Eutrophication is a global environmental problem. Guizhou is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River. The water quality in the region directly affects the downstream area. It is of great significance to study the eutrophication characteristics and influencing factors of its reservoirs. Longtan Reservoir, Wanfeng Lake Reservoir and Sanbanxi Reservoir were investigated in November 2012 (low water season), April 2013 (average water period) and July 2013 (high water period). The eutrophication index and phytoplankton characteristics are used to evaluate the eutrophication of the reservoir by means of nutritional status index, comprehensive nutrition index and biodiversity index. The results showed that: (1) the eutrophication level of three reservoirs was different, and the eutrophication level of Longtan reservoir was lower, which was from poor nutrition to medium nutrition level; The level of eutrophication in Wanfenghu Reservoir was medium to mild eutrophication, and the eutrophication level in Sanbanxi Reservoir was higher than that in Sanbanxi Reservoir, which was medium to moderate eutrophication level. The characteristics of eutrophication in different water periods are different. The eutrophication level of reservoirs in dry season is lower than that in normal and high water periods. In the vertical section, there is no significant difference in eutrophication between different water layers in the dry season, and the eutrophication level decreases with the increase of water depth in the normal and high water periods. In particular, it is pointed out that the increase of total phosphorus concentration affects the concentration of total phosphorus in the 60m water layer of the lower layer of the lake from the bottom to the bottom. The degree of eutrophication increased slightly. Therefore, the eutrophication degree of the upper and lower layers of the reservoir is higher than that of the middle layer. From the point of view of drinking water supply, in order to ensure clean water quality, we should consider taking water from the middle layer. (2) the phenomenon of thermal stratification occurs in the three deep water reservoirs. The thermocline of Longtan Reservoir, Wanfenghu Reservoir and Sanbanxi Reservoir appeared in 60 ~ 80 m ~ 40 ~ (60 m) and 50 ~ (70) m respectively in dry season. In the normal and abundant periods, the vertical section is stratified as a whole. The multi-factor cluster analysis shows that every reservoir is divided into upper layer and lower layer in dry season. The average and abundant periods are divided into upper, middle and lower layers. Thermal stratification dominates the stratified structure of other environmental factors, thus indirectly affecting the stratification of eutrophication. (3) the eutrophication level indicated by phytoplankton is: Sanbanxi reservoir is eutrophic state, Wanfeng lake reservoir is medium nutrient state, Longtan reservoir is the lowest, which is poor in nutrition, and the evaluation results are consistent with the comprehensive nutrition index. The three reservoirs indicated by zooplankton are of the middle pollution type and are different from the comprehensive nutrition index and phytoplankton evaluation results in eutrophication. The evaluation results tend to adopt comprehensive nutrition index. (4) the surface layer of three deep water reservoirs to 20 m is the most active water layer of phytoplankton, and the most significant change of environmental factors such as degree of water and dissolved oxygen (, p H). The total phosphorus pollution load of the lower layer of Longtan Reservoir and Sanbanxi Reservoir is high. Seasonal convection of water makes the high concentration of nutrients spread to the upper water, which can easily induce phytoplankton to erupt into Shui Hua.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X524

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