【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展,城市的規(guī)模不斷增大,城市生活垃圾總量不斷增長(zhǎng)。垃圾填埋的處理方式由于處理量大、操作方便和運(yùn)行費(fèi)用較低等特點(diǎn)在我國(guó)被大多數(shù)城市所采用。然而填埋的處理方式會(huì)帶來(lái)大量的滲濾液,其主要特點(diǎn)是污染成分復(fù)雜、濃度高且含有大量的重金屬離子。這種污水無(wú)法直接使用生化法處理。因此,將滲濾液預(yù)處理以達(dá)到生化法處理的水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)顯得非常重要。在這個(gè)背景下,本文研究了高級(jí)氧化法(高錳酸鉀、次氯酸鈉和Fenton試劑)、磷酸銨鎂化學(xué)沉淀法以及兩種方法的聯(lián)合方法預(yù)處理垃圾滲濾液,以找到一種有效、經(jīng)濟(jì)的方法是滲濾液達(dá)到可生物處理的水平。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括以下幾個(gè)方面:(1)氧化劑氧化法。選用高錳酸鉀、次氯酸鈉和Fenton試劑三種氧化劑氧化處理滲濾液,其中高錳酸鉀最佳反應(yīng)條件:投加量為15ml/L,pH值為6.0,最佳時(shí)間為80min,此時(shí)滲濾液中污染物質(zhì)的最大去除率:色度68.09%,PO_4~(3-)99.98%,NH~(~(4+))17.93%,CODCr 53.39%;次氯酸鈉的最佳反應(yīng)條件:投加量為40ml/L,pH值為8.0,反應(yīng)時(shí)間為60min,此時(shí)滲濾液中污染物質(zhì)的最大去除率:色度54.73%,PO_4~(3-)99.97%,NH~(~(4+))38.07%,CODCr 60.51%;Fenton試劑最佳反應(yīng)條件:氯化亞鐵投加量為4g/L,pH值為3.0,反應(yīng)時(shí)間為100min,此時(shí)滲濾液中污染物質(zhì)的最大去除率:色度85.95%,PO_4~(3-)99.98%,NH~(~(4+))6.75%,CODCr63.87%。在反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)的研究中,高錳酸鉀作為氧化劑時(shí),去除CODCr的反應(yīng)為三級(jí)反應(yīng)動(dòng)力模型;次氯酸鈉為氧化劑時(shí),去除CODCr的反應(yīng)為三級(jí)反應(yīng)動(dòng)力模型;Fenton試劑作為氧化劑時(shí),去除CODCr的反應(yīng)為三級(jí)反應(yīng)動(dòng)力模型。(2)磷酸銨鎂化學(xué)沉淀法。磷酸銨鎂化學(xué)沉淀法可以有效的預(yù)處理垃圾滲濾液的NH~(~(4+))-N,且出水中的PO_4~(3-)-P含量較低,其最佳反應(yīng)條件為:pH值為9.5,反應(yīng)溫度為20℃,[Mg~(2+)]/[NH~(~(4+))]/[PO_4~(3-)]的摩爾比1.2:1:1.4,反應(yīng)時(shí)間為15min,靜置時(shí)間為20 min。在此條件下,滲濾液中的污染物質(zhì)的最大去除率:NH~(~(4+))98.87%,CODCr 45.59%。反應(yīng)后溶液中殘留的PO_4~(3-)濃度64.43mg/L。在反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)研究中,去除氨氮的反應(yīng)為一級(jí)反應(yīng)動(dòng)力模型。(3)氧化聯(lián)合磷酸銨鎂法。選用高錳酸鉀+磷酸銨鎂、次氯酸鈉+磷酸銨鎂和Fenton試劑+磷酸銨鎂三種組和方法處理垃圾滲濾液,其中試驗(yàn)最佳去除率分別為:高錳酸鉀+磷酸銨鎂:色度85.79%,PO_4~(3-)47.20%,氨氮96.08%,CODCr81.82%;次氯酸鈉+磷酸銨鎂:色度81.63%,PO_4~(3-)61.49%,氨氮95.56%,CODCr 82.67%;Fenton試劑+磷酸銨鎂:色度93.95%,PO_4~(3-)70.80%,氨氮96.36%,CODCr 89.12%。在高錳酸鉀+磷酸銨鎂、次氯酸鈉+磷酸銨鎂和Fenton試劑+磷酸銨鎂三種組和方法中,其中Fenton試劑+磷酸銨鎂這個(gè)聯(lián)合預(yù)處理方法在色度、PO_4~(3-)、氨氮和CODCr的去除方面,效果均達(dá)到最佳。
[Abstract]:With the rapid economic development of our country, the scale of the city is increasing, and the total amount of municipal solid waste is increasing. The landfill treatment is adopted in most cities in China because of its large amount of disposal, convenient operation and low operating cost. However, landfill treatment will bring a large number of leachate, the main characteristics of the pollution is complex, high concentration and contains a large number of heavy metal ions. This kind of sewage can not be treated directly by biochemical method. Therefore, it is very important to pretreat leachate to meet the water quality standard of biochemical treatment. Under this background, the advanced oxidation method (potassium permanganate, sodium hypochlorite and Fenton reagent), ammonium magnesium phosphate chemical precipitation method and the combined method of two methods were studied to pretreat landfill leachate in order to find an effective method. The economic approach is to reach a biotreatable level of leachate. The main contents are as follows: (1) Oxidant oxidation method. Potassium permanganate, sodium hypochlorite and Fenton reagent were used to oxidize the leachate. The optimum reaction conditions of potassium permanganate were as follows: the dosage of potassium permanganate was 6.0ml / L, and the optimum time was 80 min. At this time, the maximum removal rate of pollutants in leachate was as follows: the chroma 68.09% PO4- 99.98 and NH ~ (4) 17.93 ~ 3 as well as CODCr 53.39; The optimum reaction conditions of sodium hypochlorite were as follows: the dosage of sodium hypochlorite was 40 ml / L (pH = 8.0), the reaction time was 60 min, and the maximum removal rate of pollutants in leachate was 54.73% and 99.97% respectively. NH~ (4) 38.07; The optimum reaction conditions of Fenton reagent were as follows: the dosage of ferrous chloride was 4.0 g / L ~ (-1) pH, the reaction time was 100 min, and the maximum removal rate of pollutants in leachate was 85.95 ~ (3-) 99.98%. NH~ (4) 6.75m about COD Cr 63.87. In the study of reaction kinetics, when potassium permanganate is used as oxidant, the removal of CODCr is a third-order kinetic model, and the removal of CODCr by sodium hypochlorite as oxidant is a third-order kinetic model. When Fenton reagent is used as oxidant, the reaction of removing CODCr is a third-order kinetic model. (2) the chemical precipitation method of magnesium ammonium phosphate. The NH~ (4) -N of landfill leachate can be pretreated effectively by the chemical precipitation method of ammonium magnesium phosphate, and the content of PO_4~ (3-) -P in the effluent is lower. The optimum reaction conditions are as follows: pH value is 9.5, reaction temperature is 20 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2383143