【摘要】：人類(lèi)的生存和發(fā)展離不開(kāi)水資源,而在中國(guó)這個(gè)水資源十分短缺的國(guó)家,保護(hù)水資源環(huán)境顯得尤為必要和迫切。地處秦嶺、巴山深處的陜西省旬陽(yáng)縣,位于中國(guó)南水北調(diào)中線工程水源區(qū)的上游,是南水北調(diào)中線工程重要的水源涵養(yǎng)區(qū)和保護(hù)區(qū),肩負(fù)著“一江清水送北京”及發(fā)展縣域經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)強(qiáng)縣富民的雙重重任。但是,由于旬陽(yáng)縣水資源利用效率低下、資源配置不合理、污水處理設(shè)施不足、監(jiān)管及體制改革滯后等問(wèn)題使得旬陽(yáng)縣部分河段仍然存在COD、氨氮、TP超標(biāo)的現(xiàn)象。本研究對(duì)旬陽(yáng)縣漢江流域及四大支流的水質(zhì)現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行調(diào)查,在此基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用水質(zhì)管理原理,提出相應(yīng)的管理措施,為旬陽(yáng)縣總體環(huán)境的改善提供依據(jù)。調(diào)查結(jié)果表明,2013年旬陽(yáng)縣共排放廢水780萬(wàn)噸。其中工業(yè)廢水66.7萬(wàn)噸,經(jīng)處理54.7萬(wàn)噸,處理率82%,達(dá)標(biāo)廢水排放量66.7萬(wàn)噸,達(dá)標(biāo)率100%;城鎮(zhèn)生活污水712.3萬(wàn)噸,無(wú)城市生活污水集中處理設(shè)施,生活污水主要經(jīng)過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單處理(化糞池等)后排放,處理率僅為20%—50%。而同期全縣的農(nóng)藥、化肥、農(nóng)膜使用強(qiáng)度分別為2.69kg/ha、420kg/ha(折純)和45kg/ha,飼養(yǎng)豬50.31萬(wàn)頭、家禽166.51萬(wàn)頭、牛2.14萬(wàn)頭、羊19.91萬(wàn)頭,農(nóng)藥化肥的高強(qiáng)度使用、家禽糞便的無(wú)組織排放,較重的水土流失(縣域平均土壤侵蝕模數(shù)3800t/akm?2),是影響旬陽(yáng)縣水環(huán)境質(zhì)量的重要因素。在現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查和分析的基礎(chǔ)上,利用一維擴(kuò)散模型,對(duì)漢江旬陽(yáng)段的水環(huán)境環(huán)境進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)狀評(píng)價(jià),計(jì)算了相應(yīng)的納污能力。最后,結(jié)合旬陽(yáng)縣的實(shí)際,提出治理旬陽(yáng)縣水環(huán)境污染的方式方法,并根據(jù)漢江旬陽(yáng)段的納污能力提出了未來(lái)治理目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:The survival and development of human beings can not be separated from water resources, but in China, which is short of water resources, it is necessary and urgent to protect the environment of water resources. Located in the Qinling Mountains and deep in the Bashan Mountains, Xunyang County, Shaanxi Province, is located upstream of the water source area of the South-to-North Water transfer Project in China. It is an important water conservation area and protected area for the South-to-North Water transfer Project. Shoulder "a river of clear water sent to Beijing" and the development of county economy to achieve the dual task of enriching the people. However, due to the low utilization efficiency of water resources, unreasonable allocation of resources, inadequate sewage treatment facilities and lagging supervision and system reform, there are still some COD, ammonia nitrogen and TP in Xunyang County. The present situation of water quality of Hanjiang River basin and four tributaries in Xunyang County was investigated. On the basis of this, the corresponding management measures were put forward using water quality management principle, which provided the basis for the improvement of the overall environment of Xunyang County. The results showed that 7.8 million tons of wastewater were discharged in Xunyang County in 2013. Of which, 667000 tons of industrial wastewater, after treatment of 547000 tons, the treatment rate of 82, the discharge of wastewater up to 667000 tons, the standard rate of 100; There are no centralized treatment facilities for urban domestic sewage, which is mainly discharged after simple treatment (septic tank, etc.), and the treatment rate is only 20-50. In the same period, the intensity of pesticide, fertilizer and film use in the county was 2.69 kg / ha and 420 kg / ha, respectively. 503100 pigs, 1.6651 million poultry, 21400 cattle and 199100 sheep were raised. The high intensity use of pesticide fertilizer, the unorganized discharge of poultry feces and the heavy soil erosion (3800t/akm?2) are the important factors affecting the water environment quality in Xunyang County. Based on the investigation and analysis of the present situation, a one-dimensional diffusion model was used to evaluate the water environment of Xunyang section of the Hanjiang River. Finally, combined with the reality of Xunyang County, the paper puts forward the ways and methods to control the water environmental pollution in Xunyang County, and puts forward the future treatment objectives according to the capacity of Xunyang section of the Hanjiang River.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X52;X143

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