【摘要】：多環(huán)芳烴是焦化工場(chǎng)地普遍存在的一類疏水性有機(jī)污染物。PAHs進(jìn)入土壤后,可能會(huì)與土壤中不同有機(jī)質(zhì)組分結(jié)合,而土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)存在著高度的異質(zhì)性,它其中的各組分(胡敏酸、富里酸、胡敏素)在結(jié)構(gòu)上和對(duì)有機(jī)污染物的吸附能力上存在著很大的差異。因此,PAHs在有機(jī)質(zhì)組分中的分配特征很可能影響其在土壤中生物有效性,進(jìn)而影響其在環(huán)境中的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。本文以北京某焦化廠土壤為研究對(duì)象,分析比較不同分級(jí)方法下PAHs的賦存形態(tài)。在此基礎(chǔ)上以焦油為污染物,人工污染的胡敏酸、富里酸、胡敏素為研究對(duì)象,來研究PAHs隨老化時(shí)間的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律,比較不同氧化劑去除胡敏酸、富里酸、胡敏素中PAHs的去除效率,并分析污染物在化學(xué)氧化修復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中的去向平衡,以期為實(shí)際的多環(huán)芳烴等有機(jī)污染物的化學(xué)氧化修復(fù)工程的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。具體研究結(jié)果如下:(1)分別采用酸堿提取法和非極性離子交換樹脂(簡稱XAD-8樹脂)提取法將土壤分為輕組分和重組分(胡敏酸、富里酸、胡敏素),并研究多環(huán)芳烴在各組分中的賦存特征。兩種方法提取的各種組分物質(zhì)吸收峰形基本相似,即提取物質(zhì)一致,但提取物的響應(yīng)值有明顯差別。酸堿分級(jí)法和樹脂分級(jí)法提取的總多環(huán)芳烴含量均為輕組高于重組,而重組中多環(huán)芳烴的含量主要分布在胡敏素中。與酸堿提取法相比,XAD-8樹脂提取法提取的組分純度較高,但實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟繁瑣。(2)將焦油添加到北京農(nóng)田土壤、胡敏酸、富里酸和胡敏素中進(jìn)行老化實(shí)驗(yàn)。研究結(jié)果表明,焦油污染的胡敏酸、富里酸和胡敏素中16種多環(huán)芳烴的檢出率均為100%,并且低環(huán)(2~4環(huán))PAHs含量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于高環(huán)(5~6環(huán))PAHs。此外,胡敏酸和富里酸會(huì)限制PAHs與胡敏素的結(jié)合。(3)研究了不同氧化劑對(duì)于老化后不同有機(jī)質(zhì)組分中PAHs的去除效果及處理過程中污染物的去向。結(jié)果表明,過硫酸鈉和高錳酸鉀對(duì)于胡敏酸、富里酸、胡敏素中PAHs的去除,均有較好的修復(fù)效果;Fenton試劑能夠較好的去除胡敏酸和富里酸中PAHs,但是對(duì)胡敏素中PAHs的去除效果一般;過氧化氫僅對(duì)胡敏酸中PAHs有較好的去除效果,對(duì)于富里酸和胡敏素中PAHs的去除較差。對(duì)于屈、苯并(b)熒蒽、苯并(k)熒蒽的4環(huán)PAHs,4種氧化劑的去除效果均較差。
[Abstract]:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a common hydrophobic organic pollutant in coke chemical field. When PAHs enters the soil, it may combine with different organic components in soil, and soil organic matter has high heterogeneity. Its components (Hu Min acid, fulvic acid, humin) have great differences in structure and adsorption ability to organic pollutants. Therefore, the distribution characteristics of PAHs in organic components may affect the bioavailability of PAHs in soil, and then affect its ecological risk in the environment. Taking the soil of a coking plant in Beijing as the research object, the occurrence forms of PAHs under different classification methods were analyzed and compared. On this basis, using tar as pollutant, artificially polluted Hu Min acid, fulvic acid and humin as the research object, the migration and transformation of PAHs with aging time were studied, and the removal of Hu Min acid and fulvic acid by different oxidants was compared. The removal efficiency of PAHs from humin and the equilibrium of pollutants in chemical oxidation remediation experiment were analyzed in order to provide a scientific basis for the further development of chemical oxidation remediation engineering of organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The results are as follows: (1) the soil was divided into light components and recombined fractions (Hu Min acid, fulvic acid, humin) by acid-base extraction method and non-polar ion exchange resin (XAD-8 resin) extraction method, respectively. The occurrence characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in each component were studied. The absorption peaks of each component extracted by the two methods were basically similar, that is, the extracted substances were the same, but the response values of the extracts were obviously different. The content of PAHs extracted by acid-base classification method and resin classification method was higher in light group than in recombination group, while the content of PAHs in recombination was mainly distributed in humin. Compared with acid-base extraction, the purity of components extracted by XAD-8 resin was higher, but the experimental steps were complicated. (2) Aging experiments were carried out by adding tar into Beijing farmland soil, Hu Min acid, fulvic acid and humin. The results showed that the detection rate of 16 PAHs in Hu Min acid, fulvic acid and humin was 100%, and the PAHs content of low ring (2o 4 ring) was much higher than that of high ring (5o 6 ring) PAHs.. In addition, Hu Min acid and fulvic acid can limit the binding of PAHs to humin. (3) the removal effect of different oxidants on PAHs in different organic components after aging and the fate of pollutants in the treatment process were studied. The results showed that sodium persulfate and potassium permanganate had good effect on the removal of PAHs from Hu Min, fulvic acid and humin. Fenton reagent could remove PAHs, from Hu Min acid and fulvic acid, but the removal effect of PAHs from humin was mediocre, and hydrogen peroxide had better removal effect on PAHs in Hu Min acid than PAHs in fulvic acid and humin. For flexion, benzo (b) fluoranthene and benzo (k) fluoranthene, the removal efficiency of PAHs,4 oxidant was poor.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X53

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