改革開放以來(lái)我國(guó)大氣污染防治政策的演變及其優(yōu)化建議
[Abstract]:In recent years, air pollution is increasingly flooded into the eyes of people. Its main forms are acid rain, haze and photochemical smog pollution, mainly from coal, motor vehicles and industrial emissions. Air pollution causes a variety of disastrous weather, making the air become turbid, visibility reduced, air quality become worse, seriously affect people's production, life and health, and at the same time pose a serious threat to the sustainable development of the country and the world. In recent years, most areas in China have been attacked by air pollution to varying degrees, which challenges the prevention and control of air pollution in China. The reform and opening up is a watershed in the economic construction of our country. With the rapid development of industrial economy and the expansion of energy demand since the reform and opening up, the emission of atmospheric pollutants has always remained high. The prevention and control of air pollution has always been ineffective, so it is urgent to optimize the prevention and control policy of air pollution in China. From the perspective of public policy, based on the theory of regional public goods and the theory of policy change, this paper adopts the literature research method, the comparative research method and the dynamic factors of air pollution policy change in China. Based on the key points of the policy and the characteristics of the stage of the air pollutants, the evolution of the control policy since the reform and opening up is divided into three stages to sort out the policy respectively. These three stages are the legal management stage marked by the promulgation of the 1979 Environmental Protection Law, which is dominated by the control of coal smoke pollution. Study on the initial stage of Joint Control of Regional pollution based on the promulgation of the "Acid Rain Control area and sulfur dioxide pollution Control Zone" in 1998 and the promulgation of the 2013 "Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric pollution" Complex-regional joint prevention and control integrated prevention and control phase. On the basis of combing past policies, this paper finds out the defects in the policies and probes into the causes of the defects: in the aspect of laws and regulations, the update of laws and regulations lags behind, the performance of law enforcement is poor, and the definition of the subject of responsibility is vague; In the aspect of supporting policies, there are some problems, such as energy optimization needs to be preferred, environmental and economic policies are single, and the market security mechanism needs to be established. In the aspect of regional cooperation policy, there are lack of joint defense control legislation, regional supervision mechanism and long-term cooperation mechanism. In view of the above policy defects, combined with the characteristics of air pollution at present in China and some excellent experience at home and abroad, the paper puts forward some suggestions for optimizing the air pollution prevention policy in China. The first is to improve the system of laws and regulations, mainly including the people-oriented revision of the legal system, all parties to enhance the law enforcement operation, clearly defined responsibility of the main authority; The second is to improve the related facilities, mainly including increasing the energy related policy tilt, innovating the environmental economic policy means, and promoting the establishment of the market security mechanism; Third, optimize the regional cooperative governance model, mainly including strengthening and deepening regional legislation, effectively implementing regional supervision, and promoting long-term regional cooperation; Fourth, strengthen the synergy between policies, including the coordination of policy subject, policy object and policy tools. It is hoped that through comprehensive, comprehensive and effective policy optimization suggestions, the air pollution prevention policy will be effective.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號(hào)】:X51
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