火山巖人工濕地處理三種類型污水的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-24 13:48
【摘要】：當(dāng)前,水資源短缺以及水污染問(wèn)題已經(jīng)成為世界性的水環(huán)境問(wèn)題,在發(fā)展中國(guó)家該問(wèn)題尤為突出。水體污染問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重威脅著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和人文等多方面可持續(xù)性發(fā)展。盡管國(guó)家對(duì)水污染治理投入了大量的人力物力,但是,水環(huán)境并沒(méi)有完全得到有效的改善。人工濕地作為近年來(lái)興起的一種新型污水處理技術(shù),在水污染控制方面正發(fā)揮著越來(lái)越重要的作用。人工濕地污水處理技術(shù)具有緩沖容量大、處理效果好、工藝簡(jiǎn)單、投資省、運(yùn)行費(fèi)用低等特點(diǎn),非常適合中、小城鎮(zhèn)的污水處理。本實(shí)驗(yàn)通過(guò)針對(duì)污水中COD、NH4+-N、NO2--N、NO3--N、PO43--P等指標(biāo),考察火山巖填料的人工濕地處理生活污水、低污染物濃度廢水和高硝態(tài)氮濃度污水的實(shí)際效果。實(shí)驗(yàn)期間,針對(duì)不同的影響因子,控制調(diào)配其變化,研究DO、HRT和C/N對(duì)于污染物去除效果的影響。在課題研究期間,取得如下結(jié)果:1)在處理生活污水,采用人工曝氣,逐步提高曝氣量可以提高人工濕地對(duì)于污染物的去除效率,尤其是對(duì)于COD、NH4+-N。但對(duì)于總磷來(lái)說(shuō),區(qū)別不大,說(shuō)明磷的去除主要是依靠基質(zhì)的吸附作用。當(dāng)水中溶解氧為3mg/L左右時(shí),污染物的去除效果最好,COD、NH4+-N的去除率均能達(dá)到90%以上,出水水質(zhì)良好。磷酸鹽的去除率由于進(jìn)水含量較低所以去除率不高,只有50%左右。實(shí)驗(yàn)認(rèn)為,DO的值取5mg/L,可以得到較好的氨氮去除效果。2)在處理低污染物濃度廢水,水力停留時(shí)間的增加能提高COD和氨氮的去除率。當(dāng)HRT分別為1.5、2.5、4.0天時(shí),CODcr的平均去除率分別為57.1%、72.6%、78.1%,氨氮的平均去除率為53.8%、98%、99%,明顯提高。水力停留時(shí)間較低時(shí),COD和氨氮去除率波動(dòng)變化大,生化反應(yīng)不充分。而且較長(zhǎng)的停留時(shí)間使得反硝化作用減弱,氨氮全部轉(zhuǎn)化為NO3--N排出。水力停留時(shí)間可以影響磷酸鹽的去除率,但是效果不大,污水中磷的去除主要依靠基質(zhì)吸附和離子交換作用。水力停留時(shí)間取2.5天,可以得到較好的去除效果。3)在處理高硝態(tài)氮污水,外加碳源的種類影響著和硝化和反硝化作用的進(jìn)行。本試驗(yàn)主要針對(duì)高硝態(tài)氮濃度的廢水,所以選取乙酸鈉作為外加有機(jī)碳源,發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著碳氮比的增加硝態(tài)氮的去除率都大幅度增加,從C/N為1:1時(shí)的不去除,到C/N為5:1時(shí),NO3--N和PO43--P的去除率分別增加到85%和65%。碳氮比的增加對(duì)于有機(jī)物的去除影響不大。C/N比取5:1,可以得到較好的去除效果。4)以火山巖填料作為人工濕地基質(zhì),生物膜培養(yǎng)狀態(tài)良好,有機(jī)物、氮的去除率均處于較高水平,磷的去除效果不明顯。5)人工濕地作為一種生態(tài)污水處理工藝,具有良好的環(huán)境功能和生態(tài)價(jià)值,值得推廣與應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:At present, water shortage and water pollution have become a worldwide water environmental problem, especially in developing countries. Water pollution seriously threatens the sustainable development of economy, society and humanities in China. Although the state has invested a lot of manpower and material resources in water pollution control, the water environment has not been completely improved effectively. As a new sewage treatment technology, constructed wetland is playing a more and more important role in water pollution control. Constructed wetland wastewater treatment technology has the characteristics of large buffer capacity, good treatment effect, simple process, low investment and low operating cost, etc. It is very suitable for sewage treatment in medium and small towns. In this experiment, the actual effect of treating domestic sewage, low pollutant concentration wastewater and high nitrate nitrogen concentration wastewater by using constructed wetland filled with volcanic rock to treat domestic sewage was investigated according to the indexes such as COD,NH4-Nno _ 2--N _ (10) -no _ (3) -N _ (3) O _ (43) -P in sewage. During the experiment, the effects of DO,HRT and C / N on the removal efficiency of pollutants were studied by controlling the changes of different influencing factors. During the study period, the following results were obtained: 1) in the treatment of domestic sewage, the use of artificial aeration, gradually increasing the amount of aeration can improve the removal efficiency of pollutants in constructed wetlands, especially for COD,NH4-N. However, for total phosphorus, the difference is not significant, indicating that phosphorus removal mainly depends on the adsorption of matrix. When the dissolved oxygen in water is about 3mg/L, the removal efficiency of pollutants is the best, the removal rate of COD,NH4-N can reach more than 90%, and the quality of effluent is good. The removal rate of phosphate is only about 50% because of the low influent content. The experimental results show that the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen can be obtained by using 5 mg / L of DO. 2) in the treatment of wastewater with low concentration of pollutants, the increase of HRT can improve the removal rate of COD and ammonia nitrogen. The average removal rate of CODcr was 57.1 and the average removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was 53.8% and 72.6%, respectively, and the average removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was 53.8% and 989.99%, respectively, when HRT was 1.5 ~ 2.5 ~ 4.0 days, and the average removal rate of CODcr was 57.1and the average removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was 53.8%. When the HRT is low, the removal rate of COD and ammonia nitrogen fluctuates greatly, and the biochemical reaction is not sufficient. Moreover, the denitrification was weakened with a long residence time, and all ammonia nitrogen was converted to NO3--N emission. HRT can affect the removal rate of phosphate, but the effect is not so good. The removal of phosphorus in wastewater mainly depends on matrix adsorption and ion exchange. When the HRT is 2.5 days, the removal efficiency can be better. 3) in the treatment of wastewater with high nitrate nitrogen, the addition of carbon sources affects the nitrification and denitrification. This experiment mainly aimed at the wastewater with high nitrate nitrogen concentration, so sodium acetate was selected as the added organic carbon source. It was found that the removal rate of nitrate nitrogen increased greatly with the increase of C / N ratio, and the removal rate was not removed from C / N at 1:1. At 5:1, the removal rates of NO3--N and PO43--P increased to 85% and 65%, respectively. C / N ratio of 5: 1 can get better removal effect. 4) with volcanic rock filler as the substrate of constructed wetland, the biofilm culture condition is good, organic matter, The removal rate of nitrogen is at a higher level, and the removal efficiency of phosphorus is not obvious. 5) as an ecological wastewater treatment process, constructed wetland has good environmental function and ecological value, which is worth popularizing and applying.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703
本文編號(hào)：2353959
[Abstract]:At present, water shortage and water pollution have become a worldwide water environmental problem, especially in developing countries. Water pollution seriously threatens the sustainable development of economy, society and humanities in China. Although the state has invested a lot of manpower and material resources in water pollution control, the water environment has not been completely improved effectively. As a new sewage treatment technology, constructed wetland is playing a more and more important role in water pollution control. Constructed wetland wastewater treatment technology has the characteristics of large buffer capacity, good treatment effect, simple process, low investment and low operating cost, etc. It is very suitable for sewage treatment in medium and small towns. In this experiment, the actual effect of treating domestic sewage, low pollutant concentration wastewater and high nitrate nitrogen concentration wastewater by using constructed wetland filled with volcanic rock to treat domestic sewage was investigated according to the indexes such as COD,NH4-Nno _ 2--N _ (10) -no _ (3) -N _ (3) O _ (43) -P in sewage. During the experiment, the effects of DO,HRT and C / N on the removal efficiency of pollutants were studied by controlling the changes of different influencing factors. During the study period, the following results were obtained: 1) in the treatment of domestic sewage, the use of artificial aeration, gradually increasing the amount of aeration can improve the removal efficiency of pollutants in constructed wetlands, especially for COD,NH4-N. However, for total phosphorus, the difference is not significant, indicating that phosphorus removal mainly depends on the adsorption of matrix. When the dissolved oxygen in water is about 3mg/L, the removal efficiency of pollutants is the best, the removal rate of COD,NH4-N can reach more than 90%, and the quality of effluent is good. The removal rate of phosphate is only about 50% because of the low influent content. The experimental results show that the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen can be obtained by using 5 mg / L of DO. 2) in the treatment of wastewater with low concentration of pollutants, the increase of HRT can improve the removal rate of COD and ammonia nitrogen. The average removal rate of CODcr was 57.1 and the average removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was 53.8% and 72.6%, respectively, and the average removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was 53.8% and 989.99%, respectively, when HRT was 1.5 ~ 2.5 ~ 4.0 days, and the average removal rate of CODcr was 57.1and the average removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was 53.8%. When the HRT is low, the removal rate of COD and ammonia nitrogen fluctuates greatly, and the biochemical reaction is not sufficient. Moreover, the denitrification was weakened with a long residence time, and all ammonia nitrogen was converted to NO3--N emission. HRT can affect the removal rate of phosphate, but the effect is not so good. The removal of phosphorus in wastewater mainly depends on matrix adsorption and ion exchange. When the HRT is 2.5 days, the removal efficiency can be better. 3) in the treatment of wastewater with high nitrate nitrogen, the addition of carbon sources affects the nitrification and denitrification. This experiment mainly aimed at the wastewater with high nitrate nitrogen concentration, so sodium acetate was selected as the added organic carbon source. It was found that the removal rate of nitrate nitrogen increased greatly with the increase of C / N ratio, and the removal rate was not removed from C / N at 1:1. At 5:1, the removal rates of NO3--N and PO43--P increased to 85% and 65%, respectively. C / N ratio of 5: 1 can get better removal effect. 4) with volcanic rock filler as the substrate of constructed wetland, the biofilm culture condition is good, organic matter, The removal rate of nitrogen is at a higher level, and the removal efficiency of phosphorus is not obvious. 5) as an ecological wastewater treatment process, constructed wetland has good environmental function and ecological value, which is worth popularizing and applying.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703
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