【摘要】：鉛離子作為一種典型的重金屬污染物,具有毒性大、難降解等特點(diǎn),極易通過(guò)食物鏈傳遞在生物體內(nèi)富集,對(duì)人體健康造成極大威脅。因此對(duì)環(huán)境水體的鉛離子含量的嚴(yán)格監(jiān)控十分必要,目前已有的鉛離子檢測(cè)分析方法有電感耦合等離子體發(fā)射光譜和原子吸收光譜法等,但此類方法存在操作復(fù)雜耗時(shí)、儀器昂貴、靈敏度低等問(wèn)題。因此有必要研究和開(kāi)發(fā)一種快速、靈敏的痕量鉛離子分析方法。本文提出了一種合成方法簡(jiǎn)單可控、實(shí)用性強(qiáng)、高效靈敏的電化學(xué)傳感檢測(cè)鉛離子的方法。通過(guò)電化學(xué)方法控制吡咯在石墨烯納米片層表面聚合,形成具有三維多孔結(jié)構(gòu)的納米復(fù)合材料,利用高導(dǎo)電性能、化學(xué)物理性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定、環(huán)保友好的聚吡咯作為鉛離子探針,結(jié)合石墨烯優(yōu)良的導(dǎo)電性能和較大的電活性表面,構(gòu)建了對(duì)鉛離子具有高選擇性、高靈敏度的電化學(xué)傳感檢測(cè)方法。該傳感方法對(duì)鉛離子的電化學(xué)響應(yīng)良好,通過(guò)對(duì)電極材料的表征和實(shí)際樣品的檢測(cè),證實(shí)了該傳感材料具有優(yōu)良的電化學(xué)性能和檢測(cè)效果。在最佳檢測(cè)條件下,該傳感材料對(duì)鉛離子的檢測(cè)范圍在5-750 nM之間,檢出限可以達(dá)到0.047 nM(3δ/s),該傳感器對(duì)測(cè)試樣品中其它干擾性金屬離子如Zn2+、Hg2+、Cd2+、Cu2+沒(méi)有明顯的信號(hào)響應(yīng),表明其具有良好的特異性。該方法可以應(yīng)用于實(shí)際樣品的檢測(cè)。本文利用了聚吡咯對(duì)鉛離子的特異性識(shí)別作用協(xié)同石墨烯導(dǎo)電性能和結(jié)構(gòu)特性,設(shè)計(jì)了一種簡(jiǎn)單、快速、靈敏檢測(cè)鉛離子的電化學(xué)傳感方法。研究結(jié)果可為導(dǎo)電聚合物與碳納米復(fù)合材料的傳感應(yīng)用提供參考。
[Abstract]:As a typical heavy metal pollutant, lead ion is highly toxic and difficult to degrade. It is easy to be transferred through the food chain and enriched in organism, which is a great threat to human health. Therefore, it is very necessary to monitor the lead ion content in environmental water. The existing methods of lead ion detection and analysis include inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), but these methods are complicated and time-consuming. Expensive instrument, low sensitivity and other problems. Therefore, it is necessary to study and develop a rapid and sensitive method for trace lead ion analysis. In this paper, a simple, controllable, practical and sensitive electrochemical sensing method for the detection of lead ion is proposed. Three dimensional porous nanocomposites were formed by controlling the polymerization of pyrrole on the surface of graphene nanocrystals by electrochemical method. Polypyrrole with high conductivity, stable chemical and physical properties and friendly environmental protection was used as lead ion probe. A new electrochemical sensing method with high selectivity and high sensitivity to lead ion was constructed based on the excellent conductivity of graphene and its large electrically active surface. The electrochemical response of the sensing method to lead ion is good. Through the characterization of electrode material and the detection of actual sample, it is proved that the sensing material has excellent electrochemical performance and detection effect. Under the optimum detection conditions, the detection range of lead ion is 5-750 nM, and the detection limit can reach 0.047 nM (3 未 / s),). The sensor can detect other interfering metal ions such as Zn2, Hg2, Cd2 in the sample. Cu2 has no obvious signal response, indicating that it has good specificity. The method can be applied to the detection of real samples. In this paper, a simple, rapid and sensitive electrochemical sensing method for the detection of lead ion was designed by using the specific recognition effect of polypyrrole on lead ion and the conductivity and structure of graphene. The results can be used as reference for sensing applications of conductive polymers and carbon nanocomposites.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：X832

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本文編號(hào)：2352355