【摘要】：隨著核能的應(yīng)用及核技術(shù)的發(fā)展,核素污染已成為一個(gè)日益嚴(yán)峻、亟待解決的問(wèn)題,鍶、銫、鈾是較為常見(jiàn)且污染量較大的核素污染物。植物修復(fù)是目前具有綠色、經(jīng)濟(jì)、有效的修復(fù)技術(shù)之一,具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。本文采用穩(wěn)定性同位素模擬放射性核素的方式,對(duì)鍶、銫、鈾污染(濃度分別227.47mg·kg-1、234.90mg·kg-1、485.00 mg·kg-1)土壤進(jìn)行二次修復(fù)研究;用反枝莧、紅圓葉莧、藜等16種不同科屬植物,研究核素對(duì)植物的生物效應(yīng)和植物對(duì)核素的富集能力,篩選對(duì)鍶、銫、鈾具有較好耐性及富集能力的植物;采用土壤、鈾濃度、N、P、K肥料5因素5水平正交旋轉(zhuǎn)設(shè)計(jì),研究這5個(gè)因素對(duì)蕹菜和菊苣修復(fù)能力的影響;在不同鈾污染土壤中,研究不同濃度錳、鋅、銅、鉬、硼微量元素對(duì)菊苣實(shí)生苗和再生苗修復(fù)的影響。本研究的目的是,篩選出對(duì)鍶、銫、鈾污染土壤的耐性和修復(fù)效果的植物,篩選出強(qiáng)化植物修復(fù)鈾污染土壤效果好的施肥種類及用量,為鈾污染土壤的植物修復(fù)提供理論和方法依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)不同植物修復(fù)88Sr、133Cs、238U的能力不同。根據(jù)耐性和富集含量,牛皮菜、紅圓葉莧、反枝莧可以作為鍶污染土壤修復(fù)植物,它們的鍶含量分別為3435.85 mg·kg-1、2653.21 mg·kg-1、2572.99 mg·kg-1;牛皮菜、反枝莧、菊苣、紅圓葉莧、藜可以作為銫污染土壤修復(fù)植物,它們的銫含量分別為12706.50mg·kg-1、8429.44 mg·kg-1、7744.50 mg·kg-1、6118.09 mg·kg-1、5930.65 mg·kg-1;酸模、鬼針草、蒼耳、向日葵可以作為鈾污染土壤修復(fù)植物,它們的鈾含量分別為363.57 mg·kg-1、91.87 mg·kg-1、75.80 mg·kg-1、65.42 mg·kg-1。(2)不同植物在不同土壤、不同238U污染濃度下,施N、P、K對(duì)鈾富集的影響有較大差異。施N、P、K對(duì)菊苣莖葉238U含量和TF影響不顯著;施P或K肥對(duì)蕹菜單株238U含量沒(méi)有顯著影響,而N肥有顯著的負(fù)影響;每kg土壤增施300 mg N,蕹菜鈾含量降低9.789 mg·kg-1。(3)微量元素種類和用量對(duì)菊苣富集238U的影響不同。銅40 mg·kg-1降低150 mg·kg-1 238U濃度下菊苣實(shí)生苗富集238U作用最大,與CK相比降低50.87%,鋅100降低100 mg·kg-1 238U濃度下菊苣再生苗富集238U作用最大,與CK相比降低61.52%;硼50 mg·kg-1增加50 mg·kg-1 238U濃度下菊苣實(shí)生苗和再生苗富集238U作用最大,與CK相比分別增加186.53%和80.69%。因此,實(shí)踐中要根據(jù)土壤污染核素種類選擇適宜的修復(fù)植物,要根據(jù)鈾污染土壤種類和濃度采取適宜的施肥種類和數(shù)量,以便有效地提高修復(fù)效果。同時(shí),菊苣再生苗的修復(fù)能力較強(qiáng),實(shí)踐中可以一次播種多次收獲,降低修復(fù)成本,提高修復(fù)效率。
[Abstract]:With the application of nuclear energy and the development of nuclear technology, nuclide pollution has become an increasingly serious and urgent problem. Strontium, cesium and uranium are common and contaminated nuclide pollutants. Phytoremediation is one of the green, economical and effective remediation technologies, and has a wide application prospect. In this paper, the secondary remediation of strontium, cesium and uranium-contaminated soils (concentration of 227.47mg kg-1234.90mg kg-1485.00 mg kg-1) was studied by using stable isotopes to simulate radionuclides. The bioeffects of radionuclides on plants and the enrichment ability of plants to nuclide were studied by using 16 species of different families, including Amaranthus retrograde, Amaranthus rotundifolia, Chenopodium, etc., and plants with good tolerance and enrichment ability to strontium, cesium and uranium were screened. The effects of soil, uranium concentration and NbPK fertilizer on the remediation ability of Ipomoea aquatica and chicory were studied by orthogonal rotation design with 5 factors and 5 levels. Effects of trace elements mn, Zn, Cu, Mo and B on regeneration and regeneration of chicory seedlings were studied in different uranium-contaminated soils. The purpose of this study was to screen out the plants that could tolerate and repair the contaminated soils of strontium, cesium and uranium, and to screen out the kinds and amounts of fertilizer which could be used to restore uranium-contaminated soil by the enhanced plants. It provides theoretical and methodological basis for phytoremediation of uranium-contaminated soil. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the ability of different plants to repair 88SrA133CsCs238U is different. According to their tolerance and enrichment, Herba canola, Amaranthus rotundifolia and Amaranthus retroglauca can be used as remediation plants for strontium contaminated soil. Their strontium content is 3435.85 mg kg-1,2653.21 mg kg-1,2572.99 mg kg-1;, respectively. The contents of cesium are 12706.50mg kg-1,8429.44 mg kg-1,7744.50 mg kg-1,6118.09 mg kg-1,5930.65 mg kg-1;, which can be used as the remediation plant of cesium contaminated soil, such as Cattleberry, reverse amaranth, chicory, red leaf amaranth and Chenopodium monopodium. Acid molds, nebula, Xanthium and sunflower can be used as remediation plants for uranium-contaminated soil. Their uranium content was 363.57 mg kg-1,91.87 mg kg-1,75.80 mg kg-1,65.42 mg kg-1. (2) different plants in different soils and different concentrations of 238U. The effect of K on uranium enrichment is quite different. There was no significant effect on the content of 238U and TF in stems and leaves of chicory, but no significant effect of P or K fertilizer on 238U content of water spinach per plant, but there was a significant negative effect of N fertilizer on the content of 238U in the stem and leaf of chicory. The effect of 9.789 mg kg-1. (3) trace elements on the enrichment of chicory was different when adding 300 mg N per kg to the soil of Ipomoea aquatica. When Cu 40 mg kg-1 decreased by 150 mg kg-1 238U, the enrichment of Cichory seedlings was the greatest, compared with that of CK, it decreased 50.87U, and that of Zn-100 decreased by 100 mg kg-1 238U. The concentration of Zn-100 decreased by 100 mg kg-1 238U, and the concentration of Zn-100 decreased by 100 mg kg-1 238U. Compared with CK, 61.52% decreased. When boron 50 mg kg-1 was increased by 50 mg kg-1 238U, the enrichment of seedling and regeneration seedlings of chicory was the greatest, which was 186.53% and 80.69% higher than that of CK, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to select suitable remediation plants according to the types of soil contaminated nuclides in practice, and to adopt appropriate fertilizer types and quantities according to the types and concentrations of uranium-contaminated soils in order to effectively improve the remediation effect. At the same time, the regenerated plantlets of chicory have strong repair ability, which can be harvested many times at a time, reduce the cost of restoration and improve the efficiency of restoration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X591;X53

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 張洪榮;周志宇;;微量元素對(duì)紫花苜蓿的效應(yīng)[J];草業(yè)科學(xué);1990年02期

2 唐秀歡;潘孝兵;萬(wàn)俊生;;放射性污染植物修復(fù)技術(shù)田間試驗(yàn)及前景分析[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù);2008年04期

3 ;Accumulation of heavy metals in four grasses grown on lead and zinc mine tailings[J];Journal of Environmental Sciences;2004年05期

4 聶小琴;丁德馨;李廣悅;高斌;吳彥瓊;胡南;劉玉龍;;某鈾尾礦庫(kù)土壤核素污染與優(yōu)勢(shì)植物累積特征[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)研究;2010年06期

5 裘同才;;不同土壤、肥料對(duì)春小麥從土壤中吸收~(90)Sr的影響[J];核農(nóng)學(xué)報(bào);1985年04期

6 敖嘉;唐運(yùn)來(lái);陳梅;安冰;王丹;陶揚(yáng);;Sr脅迫對(duì)油菜幼苗抗氧化指標(biāo)影響的研究[J];核農(nóng)學(xué)報(bào);2010年01期

7 張曉雪;王丹;鐘鉬芝;徐長(zhǎng)合;于海蛟;周?chē)?guó)輝;;雞冠花(Celosia cristata Linn)對(duì)Cs和Sr的脅迫反應(yīng)及其積累特征[J];核農(nóng)學(xué)報(bào);2010年03期

8 付其如，何紀(jì)榮;微量元素硼對(duì)葡萄生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的影響[J];四川師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);1995年04期

9 陳梅;唐運(yùn)來(lái);;低溫脅迫對(duì)玉米幼苗葉片葉綠素?zé)晒鈪?shù)的影響[J];內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2012年03期

10 魯艷;李新榮;何明珠;蘇延桂;曾凡江;;不同濃度Ni、Cu處理對(duì)駱駝蓬光合作用和葉綠素?zé)晒馓匦缘挠绊慬J];應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2011年04期

，

本文編號(hào)：2344350