【摘要】：近年來(lái)土壤重金屬污染帶來(lái)的環(huán)境問(wèn)題日益突出,我國(guó)總膳食研究表明重金屬污染對(duì)人類(lèi)健康有巨大的潛在危害�！笆濉币�(guī)劃提出了重金屬污染的治理,對(duì)土壤重金屬污染的治理勢(shì)在必行。本研究以廣西河池市大環(huán)江流域鉛鋅礦尾砂污染農(nóng)田土壤為研究對(duì)象,選用海泡石與具廣西特色的蠶沙、椰糠和赤泥進(jìn)行化學(xué)鈍化修復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn),通過(guò)土壤培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn),研究不同鈍化劑對(duì)土壤理化性質(zhì),土壤酶活性和植物有效性的影響。取得如下主要結(jié)果：(1)赤泥和蠶沙屬于堿性物質(zhì),添加后均對(duì)土壤pH值有顯著提高,赤泥+蠶沙效果更為明顯；椰糠略微降低了土壤的pH值,海泡石對(duì)pH值影響不顯著。蠶沙和椰糠均富含有機(jī)質(zhì),添加后均大大提高土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量,改善了土壤環(huán)境。復(fù)合鈍化處理使鉛鋅的TCLP提取態(tài)降低的效果優(yōu)于單施鈍化處理,有機(jī)物料的鈍化效果優(yōu)于無(wú)機(jī)鈍化劑處理；降低土壤Pb、Zn弱酸提取態(tài)效果最好的分別是蠶沙、赤泥+蠶沙,能明顯提高其殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)含量的均是赤泥+蠶沙。(2)蠶沙及其復(fù)合材料鈍化處理對(duì)土壤脲酶活性起到顯著激活作用；單施椰糠鈍化劑使得土壤蔗糖酶活性恢復(fù)得最好；土壤過(guò)氧化氫酶活性在鈍化劑的鈍化修復(fù)下均有了明顯的提高。在治理酸性重金屬污染土壤時(shí),在一定范圍內(nèi)提高土壤pH值、有機(jī)質(zhì)含量和以及降低重金屬有效態(tài)含量能有效恢復(fù)土壤酶活性。(3)小白菜盆栽實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,復(fù)合鈍化劑的鈍化效果比單施鈍化劑要好,單施材料中高pH材料的鈍化效果又比低pH材料好。蠶沙及其復(fù)合鈍化劑對(duì)土壤Pb、Zn的鈍化效果最好,使小白菜體內(nèi)Pb、Zn含量最低,對(duì)小白菜產(chǎn)量提高作用最明顯。但鈍化處理后小白菜依然存在很大的食用安全隱患,建議在污染程度嚴(yán)重的土壤種植非食用或高抗性的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物。(4)分析土壤pH值和有機(jī)質(zhì)含量與重金屬鉛鋅的相關(guān)性,發(fā)現(xiàn)土壤pH值與有機(jī)質(zhì)含量能在一定程度上降低弱酸提取態(tài)鉛鋅含量和提高殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)鉛鋅含量,在一定程度上降低鉛鋅的遷移性和生物有效性。綜合效果看,蠶沙的鈍化效果最好。將蠶沙、椰糠、赤泥用于修復(fù)大面積中低度重金屬污染土壤具有經(jīng)濟(jì)高效的優(yōu)越性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the environmental problems caused by soil heavy metal pollution have become increasingly prominent. The total dietary research in China shows that heavy metal pollution has great potential harm to human health. The "12th Five-Year Plan" proposed the treatment of heavy metal pollution, and the treatment of soil heavy metal pollution is imperative. In this study, the Pb-Zn mine tailings polluted farmland soil in Dahuanjiang Valley, Hechi City, Guangxi Province as the research object, sepiolite and silkworm sand, coconut chaff and red mud with Guangxi characteristics were selected for chemical passivation and restoration experiments, and soil culture experiments were carried out. The effects of different passivating agents on soil physical and chemical properties, soil enzyme activity and plant availability were studied. The main results were as follows: (1) Red mud and silkworm sand were alkaline substances, and the pH value of soil was significantly increased after addition, and the effect of silkworm sand in red mud was more obvious, and coconut chaff slightly decreased the pH value of soil, but sepiolite had no significant effect on pH value. Silkworm sand and coconut bran are rich in organic matter. The compound passivation treatment can reduce the TCLP extraction state of lead and zinc better than that of single passivation treatment, and the passivation effect of organic material is better than that of inorganic passivator treatment. Silkworm sand, red mud silkworm sand and red mud silkworm sand were the best ones to reduce the weak acid extraction of soil Pb,Zn. It was red mud silkworm sand that could significantly increase the residual state content. (2) the silkworm sand and its composite material passivation could activate soil urease activity significantly; Application of coconut bran passivating agent alone could make soil sucrase activity recover best, and soil catalase activity increased obviously under passivation and repair of passivating agent. In the treatment of acidic heavy metal contaminated soil, increasing soil pH value, content of organic matter and reducing the content of available heavy metals can effectively restore soil enzyme activity. (3) the pot experiment of pakchoi showed that the soil enzyme activity could be effectively restored by increasing the content of soil organic matter and reducing the content of available heavy metals. The passivation effect of the compound passivator is better than that of the single application of passivating agent, and the passivation effect of the high pH material in the single application material is better than that of the low pH material. Silkworm sand and its compound passivating agent had the best passivation effect on soil Pb,Zn. The content of Pb,Zn in pakchoi was the lowest and the effect on the yield of pakchoi was the most obvious. However, after passivation treatment, pakchoi still has great potential food safety problems. It is suggested that non-edible or high-resistant cash crops should be planted in heavily polluted soil. (4) the correlation between soil pH value and organic matter content and heavy metal, lead and zinc is analyzed. It was found that pH value and organic matter content of soil could reduce the content of lead and zinc in weak acid extract and increase the content of residual lead and zinc to some extent, and reduce the migration and bioavailability of lead and zinc to a certain extent. Comprehensive effect, silkworm sand passivation effect is the best. The application of silkworm sand, coconut bran and red mud to remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil in large area has economic and efficient advantages.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X53

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