【摘要】：隨著我國工農業(yè)生產節(jié)奏的加快,各類突發(fā)性河流污染事故的發(fā)生越加頻繁,由此引起的環(huán)境問題不容忽視。河流的突發(fā)性污染是由于人的行為使河道水質在短期內惡變速率突然加大的水污染現(xiàn)象,具有水質變化速率大、水質恢復正常較快、易形成水污染事故、難及時采取防御措施等特點。本論文通過資料收集、現(xiàn)狀監(jiān)測、數(shù)據(jù)分析及水質預測模型的應用對某河流突發(fā)性氨氮污染事件進行研究,探索采取人工強制性措施后河流中污染物質的變化規(guī)律,提出適合于河流突發(fā)性污染事件的應急對策,對今后河流突發(fā)性污染事件的處理和控制具有一定的借鑒意義和實用價值。研究結果表明,在河流氨氮污染事件發(fā)生后,采用人工降雨、調入其它河段河水等人工強制性應急措施,污染物能得到較好控制,10天后河流水質恢復到原有水平。氨氮作為主要污染物,在河流突發(fā)性污染事件中其濃度的降低是由河流稀釋及溶解氧氧化共同作用的,其中氧化作用較明顯,隨著河水中溶解氧的大量消耗,氨氮被氧化為亞硝酸鹽氮和硝酸鹽氮,在氨氮濃度大幅降低后,溶解氧的濃度回升。河流流速是影響污染物在河流中擴散的重要因素,污染物擴散速度及衰減速度與河流流速呈正相關,可通過控制河流的流速,達到控制污染物擴散的目的。本研究采用時間序列模型對河流水質進行模擬計算,計算結果與實際監(jiān)測結果相吻合,氨氮濃度在事件發(fā)生后的第14天降低到10mg/L以下,在第22天降低到1mg/L以下,由此可知,引水措施對污染物的控制效果較好,且經濟適用。
[Abstract]:With the rapid pace of industrial and agricultural production in China, various sudden river pollution accidents occur more and more frequently, resulting in environmental problems can not be ignored. The sudden pollution of rivers is caused by human behavior, which causes the water quality of the river to increase suddenly in a short period of time. It has the characteristics of large water quality change rate, fast water quality return to normal, and easy to form water pollution accidents. Difficult to take defensive measures in time and other characteristics. Through data collection, current situation monitoring, data analysis and the application of water quality prediction model, this paper studies the sudden ammonia nitrogen pollution events in a river, and explores the variation law of pollutants in a river after the adoption of artificial compulsory measures. The emergency countermeasures suitable for the sudden pollution events of rivers are put forward, which have certain reference significance and practical value for the treatment and control of the sudden pollution incidents of rivers in the future. The results show that after the ammonia nitrogen pollution event, artificial rainfall and other artificial compulsory emergency measures can be used to control the pollutants, and the water quality of the river will recover to its original level 10 days later. Ammonia nitrogen, as the main pollutant, decreases its concentration by river dilution and dissolved oxygen oxidation in the sudden pollution event, and the oxidation effect is obvious, with the large consumption of dissolved oxygen in river water. Ammonia nitrogen was oxidized into nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. The velocity of river flow is an important factor affecting the diffusion of pollutants in the river. The velocity of pollutant diffusion and attenuation is positively correlated with the velocity of river velocity. The purpose of controlling the diffusion of pollutants can be achieved by controlling the velocity of flow of the river. The time series model was used to simulate the river water quality. The calculated results were in agreement with the actual monitoring results. The ammonia nitrogen concentration decreased to below 10mg/L on the 14th day after the event and below 1mg/L on the 22nd day. It can be seen that the control effect of water diversion measures on pollutants is better, and economic application.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X522

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相關期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號：2339333