【摘要】：氟喹諾酮類抗生素(Fluoroquinolone antibiotics, FQs)具有抗菌譜廣、體內(nèi)分布廣、組織濃度高、活性強、耐藥發(fā)生率低等特點,被廣泛應用于水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖、畜禽養(yǎng)殖及人類處方藥中,對人體及動物的疾病治療產(chǎn)生了積極的效應。然而,FQs并不能被完全吸收,而是作為母體或是代謝產(chǎn)物的形式,通過多種途徑進入環(huán)境介質(zhì)中。FQs會對人體產(chǎn)生中樞系統(tǒng)毒性、肝腎毒性、血液系統(tǒng)毒性以及光毒性等,同時可以誘導環(huán)境中的細菌產(chǎn)生耐藥性,對人體和生態(tài)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生一定影響�？股卦诒韺铀h(huán)境中也會以各種形式進行降解,尤其以光降解為主,而環(huán)境介質(zhì)中存在的重金屬如何影響FQs的降解,對研究抗生素在不同環(huán)境因子下的形態(tài)及其遷移轉(zhuǎn)化具有重要意義。本文以環(huán)丙沙星(Ciprofloxacin, CIP)、氧氟沙星(Ofloxacin, OFL)、諾氟沙星(Norfloxacin,NOR)為研究對象,在紫外光及自然光下,研究了水體中硝酸鎘(Cd(NO3)2)、硝酸鉛(Pb(NO3)2)、氯化鎘(CdCl2)、氯化鉛(PbCl2)、對三種FQs的光降解性能的影響。主要研究結(jié)論如下：(1)通過摩爾比法研究了重金屬Cd或Pb與CIP、OFL及NOR三種抗生素的絡(luò)合比。實驗結(jié)果表明Cd、Pb與三種抗生素的絡(luò)合比在1：2及1：3之間變化。(2) CIP、OFL及NOR在黑暗中幾乎不降解,而在紫外光下發(fā)生快速光降解,且隨著抗生素初始濃度的增大,光降解速率減小,主要是由于單位濃度抗生素接受光子產(chǎn)量的變化所致。Cd(NO3)2和Pb(NO3)2對CIP光降解主要表現(xiàn)為促進作用,且隨著摩爾比的增大(即硝酸鹽濃度降低),對CIP光降解的促進作用逐漸降低；CdCl2和PbCl2對CIP光降解主要表現(xiàn)為抑制作用,隨著摩爾比的增大(即氯化鹽濃度降低),對CIP光降解的抑制作用逐漸增強。Cd(NO3)2和Pb(NO3)2對OFL的光降解主要表現(xiàn)為抑制作用；CdCl2和PbCl2對OFL的光降解主要表現(xiàn)為抑制作用。Cd(NO3)2和Pb(NO3)2對NOR的光降解主要表現(xiàn)為促進作用；高、低濃度NOR實驗組中,CdCl2對其光降解主要起抑制作用,而在中濃度NOR實驗組中,CdCl2對其光降解主要起促進作用,PbCl2對NOR的光降解主要表現(xiàn)為抑制作用。(3)在自然光照下,研究了NOR的光降解,同時也研究了Cd(NO3)2、 Pb(NO3)2、CdCl2和PbCl2對其光降解的影響。研究結(jié)果表明Cd(NO3)2和Pb(NO3)2對NOR的光降解既有促進作用,同時也有一定的抑制作用；CdCl2和PbCl2對NOR的光降解主要表現(xiàn)為促進作用。對于硝酸鹽和氯化鹽,隨著摩爾比的增大(即硝酸鹽和氯化鹽的濃度降低),對NOR光降解的影響變化比較復雜,無法給出明確的變化趨勢。
[Abstract]:Fluoroquinolones antibiotic (Fluoroquinolone antibiotics, FQs) has been widely used in aquaculture, livestock and poultry breeding and prescription drugs for its characteristics of wide antibacterial spectrum, wide distribution in vivo, high tissue concentration, strong activity and low incidence of drug resistance. It has a positive effect on the treatment of human and animal diseases. However, FQs can not be completely absorbed, but as a form of mother or metabolite, it can enter into environmental media through many ways. FQs can produce systemic toxicity, liver and kidney toxicity, blood system toxicity and phototoxicity to human body, etc. At the same time, bacteria in the environment can be induced to develop drug resistance, and have a certain impact on the human body and the ecological environment. Antibiotics are also degraded in various forms in the surface water environment, especially photodegradation, and how heavy metals exist in environmental media affect the degradation of FQs. It is of great significance to study the morphology and migration and transformation of antibiotics under different environmental factors. Using ciprofloxacin (Ciprofloxacin, CIP), ofloxacin (Ofloxacin, OFL), norfloxacin (Norfloxacin,NOR) as research object, cadmium nitrate (Cd (NO3) 2 and lead nitrate (Pb (NO3) 2 in water were studied under ultraviolet and natural light. Effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and lead chloride (PbCl2) on photodegradation of three kinds of FQs. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the complexation ratio of heavy metal Cd or Pb with CIP,OFL and NOR was studied by molar ratio method. The results showed that the complexation ratio of Cd,Pb to three antibiotics varied between 1:2 and 1:3. (2) CIP,OFL and NOR almost did not degrade in darkness, but rapid photodegradation occurred under ultraviolet light. With the increase of the initial concentration of antibiotics, the photodegradation rate decreased, which was mainly due to the change of photonic yield in the unit concentration of antibiotics (. Cd (NO3) 2 and Pb (NO3) 2, which promoted the photodegradation of CIP. And with the increase of molar ratio (i.e. nitrate concentration), the promotion of CIP photodegradation gradually decreased. The photodegradation of CIP was mainly inhibited by CdCl2 and PbCl2, and decreased with the increase of molar ratio. The inhibition of CIP photodegradation was enhanced gradually by. Cd (NO3) 2 and Pb (NO3) 2, which mainly inhibited the photodegradation of OFL. The photodegradation of OFL by CdCl2 and PbCl2 was mainly inhibited by. Cd (NO3) 2 and the photodegradation of NOR by Pb (NO3) 2 was mainly promoted. In the high and low concentration NOR experimental group, CdCl2 mainly inhibited the photodegradation, while in the middle concentration NOR experimental group, CdCl2 mainly promoted the photodegradation, PbCl2 mainly inhibited the NOR photodegradation. (3) in natural light, the photodegradation of NOR was inhibited. The photodegradation of NOR was studied, and the effects of Cd (NO3) 2, Pb (NO3) 2 CD Cl2 and PbCl2 on the photodegradation were also studied. The results showed that Cd (NO3) 2 and Pb (NO3) 2 not only promoted the photodegradation of NOR, but also inhibited the photodegradation of NOR by CdCl2 and PbCl2. For nitrate and salt chloride, with the increase of molar ratio (that is, the concentration of nitrate and chloride), the influence on the photodegradation of NOR is complex, and it is impossible to give a definite change trend.
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X50

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