污泥好氧堆肥過程臭氣釋放特征與防控研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-10 19:36
【摘要】：污泥堆肥過程釋放的惡臭氣體已成為制約污泥無害化生產(chǎn)的重要因素,其中揮發(fā)性有機物(VOCs)在臭味貢獻中占了很大比重。VOCs主要包括含硫化合物、含氮化合物和揮發(fā)性脂肪酸,組分復(fù)雜且治理困難。影響VOCs排放的因素主要有通風(fēng)策略、溫度和p H值,其中通風(fēng)策略是最重要的影響因素。本文通過在堆肥處置廠選點取樣,分析了臭氣從堆體內(nèi)部至外界的擴散規(guī)律,討論了對人體的危害和對大氣圈的二次污染臭氧生成潛勢;對生產(chǎn)中的多種兩種通風(fēng)策略進行了討論和比較,確定生產(chǎn)中更適合的通風(fēng)工藝。1.利用氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用儀分析了污泥處置廠污泥好氧堆肥發(fā)酵高溫期(第五天)的揮發(fā)性有機物(VOCs)的產(chǎn)生與釋放特征。結(jié)果表明,污泥堆肥過程中主要致臭VOCs為甲硫醇、甲硫醚、二甲二硫醚、丙酮、乙醇、1-丁烯;從堆體內(nèi)部到車間人員活動處的擴散過程中,主要VOCs成分降低了89.3%-99.9%。主要致臭組分如甲硫醇、二甲二硫醚、甲硫醚濃度均高于檢知嗅閾值,對人類嗅覺具有危害;烷烴、芳香烴、酮類、烯烴類的最大臭氧生成潛勢值依次增加,存在大氣污染風(fēng)險;通過VOCs組分間的相關(guān)性分析,認為甲硫醇宜作為評估VOCs排放情況的指示氣體。2.研究了污泥處置廠污泥堆肥過程在不同通風(fēng)模式下產(chǎn)生和釋放的揮發(fā)性有機物(VOCs)濃度水平和反應(yīng)活性;考慮到含氧有機物類VOCs光解反應(yīng)對O3生成的貢獻,用增量反應(yīng)活性(臭氧生成潛勢)法比等效丙烯濃度法更為適合評價堆肥過程釋放臭氣對近地大氣圈的污染潛勢;與其他行業(yè)相比,污泥堆肥廠所釋放總VOCs的臭氧生成潛勢較大,其中各組分間以含氧有機物類VOCs貢獻污染潛勢最大。3.比較了實際生產(chǎn)中不同風(fēng)機和多種通風(fēng)策略下的發(fā)酵效果,系統(tǒng)分析了不同堆肥發(fā)酵階段和不同通風(fēng)狀態(tài)階段的溫度、氧氣濃度、NH3濃度和VOCs濃度的變化規(guī)律;認為選用羅茨風(fēng)機能夠提升升溫速率和高溫維持時間,以及減少VOCs的釋放量,對堆肥生產(chǎn)中的翻拋時機和翻拋效果進行了討論,找到了能夠有效降低臭氣二次污染的生產(chǎn)工藝。
[Abstract]:The odor gas released from sludge composting process has become an important factor restricting the harmless production of sludge, in which volatile organic compounds (VOCs) account for a large proportion of the odor contribution. VOCs mainly includes sulfur compounds. Containing nitrogen compounds and volatile fatty acids, the components are complex and difficult to control. The main factors affecting VOCs emission are ventilation strategy, temperature and pH value, among which ventilation strategy is the most important factor. In this paper, by sampling at the site of composting disposal plant, the diffusion law of odor from the inside of the reactor to the outside world is analyzed, and the harm to human body and the ozone formation potential of secondary pollution to the atmosphere are discussed. This paper discusses and compares two kinds of ventilation strategies in production, and determines the more suitable ventilation technology in production. 1. The production and release characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in aerobic composting of sludge from sludge disposal plant at high temperature (day 5) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the main smelling VOCs during sludge composting was methyl mercaptan, methyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, acetone, ethanol and 1-butene. During the diffusion from the body of the reactor to the activity of the workers in the workshop, the main components of VOCs decreased by 89.3- 99.9. The main smelling components, such as methyl mercaptan, dimethyl disulfide and methyl sulfide, were higher than the detection threshold, which was harmful to human olfaction. The maximum ozone formation potential of alkanes, aromatics, ketones and olefins increased in turn, and there was a risk of atmospheric pollution. Through the correlation analysis among the components of VOCs, it was concluded that methylmercaptan should be used as an indicator gas to evaluate the emission of VOCs. 2. The concentration and reactive activity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced and released from sludge composting process in sludge disposal plant under different ventilation modes were studied. Considering the contribution of VOCs photolysis to the formation of O _ 3, the incremental reaction activity (potential of ozone generation) is more suitable than the equivalent propylene concentration method to evaluate the pollution potential of ozone released from composting process to the near earth atmosphere. Compared with other industries, the total VOCs released from sludge composting plants has greater ozone formation potential, among which VOCs with oxygen containing organic compounds contributed the largest potential. 3. The fermentation effects of different fans and different ventilation strategies in actual production were compared, and the variation of temperature, oxygen concentration, NH3 concentration and VOCs concentration in different compost fermentation stage and different ventilation state stage were analyzed systematically. It is considered that the roots blower can increase the heating rate, maintain the high temperature and reduce the amount of VOCs released. The time and effect of flipping in composting production are discussed, and the production process which can effectively reduce the secondary pollution of odor is found.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州輕工業(yè)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703;X701
本文編號：2323412
[Abstract]:The odor gas released from sludge composting process has become an important factor restricting the harmless production of sludge, in which volatile organic compounds (VOCs) account for a large proportion of the odor contribution. VOCs mainly includes sulfur compounds. Containing nitrogen compounds and volatile fatty acids, the components are complex and difficult to control. The main factors affecting VOCs emission are ventilation strategy, temperature and pH value, among which ventilation strategy is the most important factor. In this paper, by sampling at the site of composting disposal plant, the diffusion law of odor from the inside of the reactor to the outside world is analyzed, and the harm to human body and the ozone formation potential of secondary pollution to the atmosphere are discussed. This paper discusses and compares two kinds of ventilation strategies in production, and determines the more suitable ventilation technology in production. 1. The production and release characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in aerobic composting of sludge from sludge disposal plant at high temperature (day 5) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the main smelling VOCs during sludge composting was methyl mercaptan, methyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, acetone, ethanol and 1-butene. During the diffusion from the body of the reactor to the activity of the workers in the workshop, the main components of VOCs decreased by 89.3- 99.9. The main smelling components, such as methyl mercaptan, dimethyl disulfide and methyl sulfide, were higher than the detection threshold, which was harmful to human olfaction. The maximum ozone formation potential of alkanes, aromatics, ketones and olefins increased in turn, and there was a risk of atmospheric pollution. Through the correlation analysis among the components of VOCs, it was concluded that methylmercaptan should be used as an indicator gas to evaluate the emission of VOCs. 2. The concentration and reactive activity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced and released from sludge composting process in sludge disposal plant under different ventilation modes were studied. Considering the contribution of VOCs photolysis to the formation of O _ 3, the incremental reaction activity (potential of ozone generation) is more suitable than the equivalent propylene concentration method to evaluate the pollution potential of ozone released from composting process to the near earth atmosphere. Compared with other industries, the total VOCs released from sludge composting plants has greater ozone formation potential, among which VOCs with oxygen containing organic compounds contributed the largest potential. 3. The fermentation effects of different fans and different ventilation strategies in actual production were compared, and the variation of temperature, oxygen concentration, NH3 concentration and VOCs concentration in different compost fermentation stage and different ventilation state stage were analyzed systematically. It is considered that the roots blower can increase the heating rate, maintain the high temperature and reduce the amount of VOCs released. The time and effect of flipping in composting production are discussed, and the production process which can effectively reduce the secondary pollution of odor is found.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州輕工業(yè)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703;X701
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 沈玉君;陳同斌;劉洪濤;高定;鄭國砥;;堆肥過程中臭氣的產(chǎn)生和釋放過程研究進展[J];中國給水排水;2011年11期
2 程水源;李文忠;魏巍;李國昊;王海燕;蔣翠珍;周穎;;煉油廠分季節(jié)VOCs組成及其臭氧生成潛勢分析[J];北京工業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報;2013年03期
，本文編號：2323412
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