【摘要】：進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來,環(huán)境污染問題日益嚴(yán)重,而我國建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的環(huán)境管理主要集中在項(xiàng)目審批、竣工驗(yàn)收兩個階段；對工程項(xiàng)目的建設(shè)過程造成的環(huán)境影響缺乏有效管理,尤其對于交通、水利水電、石油開發(fā)等非污染生態(tài)類建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的環(huán)境管理。環(huán)境保護(hù)工作成明顯“啞鈴”型特點(diǎn),以至于工程竣工時,生態(tài)破壞早已形成,尤其是對自然保護(hù)區(qū)、生態(tài)功能保護(hù)區(qū)及自然景觀的環(huán)境破壞已不可逆轉(zhuǎn)。本文圍繞工程實(shí)例,運(yùn)用模糊層次分析法對環(huán)境監(jiān)理工作進(jìn)行研究,主要工作內(nèi)容如下：1、水電行業(yè)環(huán)境監(jiān)理管理機(jī)制特點(diǎn)研究,本文主要對壩式電站和引水式電站進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)分析。壩式電站在建設(shè)規(guī)模上屬面狀工程,環(huán)境影響較為集中,容易開展環(huán)境監(jiān)理工作；引水式電站作為線狀工程,影響范圍大,監(jiān)理重點(diǎn)主要集中在沿線生態(tài)破話恢復(fù)、水生生態(tài)保護(hù)等方面；監(jiān)理難度大,人員投入多；2、結(jié)合工程實(shí)例建立層次結(jié)構(gòu)模型,以環(huán)境影響報告書為基礎(chǔ),將環(huán)境監(jiān)理效果作為目標(biāo)層,水環(huán)境、聲環(huán)境、大氣環(huán)境等影響因子作為準(zhǔn)則層,對應(yīng)的治理防護(hù)措施作為最底層；3、采用專家調(diào)查法打分的形式,對目標(biāo)決策的影響因素構(gòu)造判斷矩陣,并驗(yàn)證其一致合理性,最后通過數(shù)據(jù)處理,得出影響因素權(quán)重排序；4、對判斷矩陣進(jìn)行層次排序,得出結(jié)論：生態(tài)破壞F和生活污水A3在總排序中權(quán)重較高,監(jiān)理單位應(yīng)要求施工方進(jìn)行植被恢復(fù),減少施工擾動,防止水土流失,必要時設(shè)旁站監(jiān)理；對水環(huán)境污染應(yīng)要求施工單位修建污水處理設(shè)施、配備污水處理設(shè)備等措施。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 21st century, the environmental pollution problem has become more and more serious, and the environmental management of construction projects in China is mainly focused on the two stages of project approval, completion and acceptance. There is a lack of effective management of the environmental impact caused by the construction process of engineering projects, especially for non-polluting ecological construction projects such as transportation, water conservancy and hydropower, oil exploitation and so on. The work of environmental protection is obviously "dumbbell" type, so that when the project is completed, the ecological damage has already been formed, especially to the nature reserve, the ecological function protection area and the natural landscape environment damage has become irreversible. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The characteristics of management mechanism of environmental supervision in hydropower industry are studied. This paper mainly analyzes the dam type power station and the diversion type power station. The construction scale of dam type power station belongs to plane engineering, and the environmental impact is concentrated, so it is easy to carry out environmental supervision work. As a linear project, water diversion power station has a large scope of influence, and the supervision focuses on the restoration of ecological damage along the line, the protection of aquatic ecology, and so on. 2. Based on the environmental impact statement (EIS), the hierarchical structure model is established, and the effect of environmental supervision is regarded as the target layer, the water environment, the sound environment, the atmospheric environment and so on as the criterion layer. The corresponding control and protection measures are regarded as the lowest level; 3. In the form of expert investigation, the judgment matrix is constructed for the influencing factors of the target decision, and its consistency is verified. Finally, the weight ranking of the influencing factors is obtained through data processing. 4. The hierarchical ranking of judgment matrix is carried out, and it is concluded that ecological damage F and domestic sewage A3 have a high weight in the total ranking. The supervision unit should require the construction side to restore vegetation, reduce the construction disturbance and prevent soil erosion. If necessary, set up side stations to supervise; Water pollution should require construction units to build sewage treatment facilities and provide sewage treatment equipment and other measures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X328

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