【摘要】：大氣顆粒物污染是近幾年城市大氣環(huán)境中污染狀況和危害程度方面最具有代表性的一類空氣污染物,不僅會(huì)降低空氣能見度,引發(fā)灰霾天氣,還會(huì)對(duì)人體健康產(chǎn)生不良的影響。首先,運(yùn)用八級(jí)安德森粒度分布采樣器采集大氣顆粒物,并結(jié)合各類大氣污染物監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),通過數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)等方法,以2013-2014年間的PM2.5和PM1o為主要研究對(duì)象,分析了南京市東郊大氣顆粒物的污染特征。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),南京東郊大氣顆粒物粒度分布在不同季節(jié)均呈雙模態(tài)分布,分別分布于5.8-10.0μm(粗模態(tài)分布)和0.65-2.1 μm(聚積模態(tài)分布)之間；溫度、相對(duì)濕度、降雨量和風(fēng)速的增加均有利于PM10、PM2.5質(zhì)量濃度的降低；PM10、PM2.5、SO2、NO2、O3和CO六種大氣污染物均有著較強(qiáng)的季節(jié)變化特征,且2013至2014年間每個(gè)月的首要污染物均為PM2.5; NO2引起的二次硝酸鹽氣溶膠污染對(duì)南京顆粒物污染水平的影響較大,污染氣體引起的二次氣溶膠污染可能是灰霾天氣形成的主要原因之一。在考察南京東郊大氣顆粒物污染狀況的基礎(chǔ)上,還探討了南京2014年青奧會(huì)與2013年亞青會(huì)期間的空氣質(zhì)量和管控措施。分析認(rèn)為,亞青會(huì)和青奧會(huì)期間的空氣質(zhì)量良好,且各污染物濃度均低于當(dāng)年8月份的平均濃度,這一方面得益于有利的氣象條件,另一方面得益于政府實(shí)施的空氣質(zhì)量臨時(shí)管控措施。將常用干法采樣器與自制濕法采樣器串聯(lián),對(duì)干法采樣器的逃逸顆粒物進(jìn)行研究。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),逃逸顆粒物質(zhì)量濃度越大,空氣質(zhì)量指數(shù)(AQI)越高,空氣污染狀況越嚴(yán)重；顆粒物濃度越大,則逃逸顆粒物占顆粒物濃度的百分比越大；逃逸顆粒物質(zhì)量濃度約占PM2.5的8%-10%,約占PM1o的6%-7%,約占TSP的5.5%-7%。
[Abstract]:Atmospheric particulate pollution is one of the most representative air pollutants in urban atmospheric environment in recent years. It can not only reduce the visibility of air, cause haze weather, but also have adverse effects on human health. Firstly, the PM2.5 and PM1o from 2013 to 2014 are studied by using the eight grade Anderson particle size distribution sampler to collect atmospheric particulates, combined with the monitoring data of various kinds of air pollutants, and through mathematical statistics. The pollution characteristics of atmospheric particulates in the eastern suburb of Nanjing were analyzed. It is found that the particle size distribution of atmospheric particles in the eastern suburb of Nanjing is bimodal distribution in different seasons, ranging from 5.8-10.0 渭 m (coarse mode distribution) and 0.65-2.1 渭 m (accumulation mode distribution) respectively. The increase of temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and wind speed are all favorable to the decrease of PM10,PM2.5 mass concentration. The six atmospheric pollutants of PM10,PM2.5,SO2,NO2,O3 and CO all have strong seasonal variation characteristics, and the main pollutant of each month from 2013 to 2014 is PM2.5;. The secondary nitrate aerosol pollution caused by NO2 has a great influence on the level of particulate pollution in Nanjing. The secondary aerosol pollution caused by the polluted gas may be one of the main reasons for the formation of haze weather. Based on the investigation of atmospheric particulate pollution in the eastern suburb of Nanjing, the air quality and control measures of Nanjing 2014 Youth Olympic Games and 2013 Asian Youth Commission were also discussed. The analysis shows that the air quality of YYC and YOC is good, and the concentration of each pollutant is lower than the average concentration in August of that year. This is due to the favorable weather conditions. On the other hand, thanks to temporary air quality control measures implemented by the government. A series of dry samplers and self-made wet samplers were used to study the escaping particulates of dry-process samplers. It was found that the higher the mass concentration of escaping particles, the higher the air quality index (AQI), the more serious the air pollution, and the greater the percentage of escaping particles in the concentration of particulate matter. The mass concentration of escaping particles accounted for about 8-10% of PM2.5, about 6-7% of PM1o, about 5.5 -7% of TSP.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X513;X831

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