典型化工廢水及其受納水體的毒性研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-02 12:39
【摘要】：遼河流域化工和石化企業(yè)眾多、大多沿河分布,相關(guān)工業(yè)廢水的排放對受納水體生態(tài)環(huán)境及人群健康具有潛在的危害。廢水中存在多種污染物,會形成復(fù)合污染,產(chǎn)生聯(lián)合毒性。常規(guī)理化指標(biāo)檢測往往不能準(zhǔn)確反映出廢水的綜合生物毒性效應(yīng)。因此在控制廢水中主要污染物濃度的同時,還需注重開發(fā)有效的毒性評價方式、以及后續(xù)的毒性管理和毒性削減。本研究以遼河流域代表性大型石化企業(yè)及特種化工企業(yè)排放的腈綸廢水和炸藥廢水為研究對象,利用4個營養(yǎng)級別水生生物,包括細菌(明亮發(fā)光桿菌)、浮游植物(斜生柵藻)、浮游動物(大型蚤)和魚類(斑馬魚)進行一般毒性測試,并采用斑馬魚肝細胞彗星尾矩表征廢水遺傳毒性。兩種化工廢水對水生生物具有不同程度的一般毒性和遺傳毒性。腈綸廢水對發(fā)光細菌、藻類表現(xiàn)為低毒,對大型蚤和斑馬魚的急性毒性單位(Toxicity Units, TU)分別為1.4和2.9,經(jīng)厭氧-好氧工藝處理后分別降至0和0.5；兩種炸藥廢水處理前對發(fā)光細菌、斜生柵藻、大型蚤、斑馬魚均具有較強的急性毒性,其中三硝基甲苯產(chǎn)品廢水的TU值介于256-1429,二硝基甲苯產(chǎn)品廢水的TU值則為17.2至71.4。腈綸廢水和炸藥廢水對斑馬魚肝細胞造成DNA損傷作用,經(jīng)處理后遺傳毒性仍顯著高于陰性對照組。理化指標(biāo)與毒性指標(biāo)相關(guān)性分析表明,腈綸廢水化學(xué)需氧量(Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD)與毒性無顯著相關(guān)性,氨氮與毒性則顯著相關(guān),氨氮可能是此類廢水毒性的重要致毒因子之一；炸藥廢水COD、氨氮與急性毒性顯著相關(guān),但與遺傳毒性無顯著相關(guān)性。本研究對遼河流域化工廢水受納水體的水質(zhì)也進行了生物毒性評價。以斑馬魚、麥穗魚為受試生物,采用彗星試驗檢測東洲河-渾河、太子河流域地表水的遺傳毒性,并對暴露于受納水體的魚肝臟氧化損傷程度進行測試。結(jié)果表明采樣點水樣均未對魚類產(chǎn)生致死效應(yīng),且渾河上游大伙房水庫及東洲河上游水體對魚類肝細胞無顯著遺傳毒性和氧化損傷作用。東洲河中下游、太子河遼陽段水體對斑馬魚、麥穗魚的DNA損傷程度顯著高于對照組。同時,斑馬魚、麥穗魚肝臟中超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽轉(zhuǎn)硫酶、丙二醛和谷胱甘肽等標(biāo)志物濃度發(fā)生變化,表明該地表水導(dǎo)致魚類氧化脅迫加重,可能是造成DNA損傷的重要原因。本研究結(jié)果可為廢水毒性削減技術(shù)的優(yōu)化和建立綜合廢水毒性管理的相關(guān)法律法規(guī)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:There are many chemical and petrochemical enterprises in Liaohe River Basin, most of them are distributed along the river. The discharge of industrial wastewater has potential harm to the ecological environment of the receiving water body and the health of the population. There are many kinds of pollutants in wastewater, which will form compound pollution and produce joint toxicity. The conventional physical and chemical indicators often can not accurately reflect the comprehensive biological toxicity of wastewater. Therefore, in order to control the concentration of major pollutants in wastewater, we should also pay attention to the development of effective toxicity evaluation methods, as well as the subsequent toxicity management and toxicity reduction. In this study, acrylic fiber wastewater and explosive wastewater from large petrochemical and special chemical enterprises in Liaohe River Basin were used as research objects, and four aquatic organisms of nutrient grade, including bacteria (luminescent bacillus), were used. Phytoplankton (S. obliquus), zooplankton (Daphnia macrophylla) and fish (zebrafish) were tested for general toxicity, and zebrafish hepatocyte comet tail moment was used to characterize the genotoxicity of wastewater. The two kinds of chemical wastewater have different degrees of general toxicity and genetic toxicity to aquatic organisms. The acrylonitrile wastewater was low toxic to luminescent bacteria and algae. The (Toxicity Units, TU) of acute toxicity to fleas and zebrafish was 1.4 and 2.9, respectively, and decreased to 0 and 0.5 after anaerobic aerobic treatment. The two kinds of explosive wastewater had strong acute toxicity to luminescent bacteria, S. obliquus, Daphnia Magna and zebrafish before treatment. The TU value of the wastewater from the products of trinitrotoluene ranged from 256-1429. The TU values of dinitrotoluene wastewater were 17.2-71.4. Acrylic fiber wastewater and explosive wastewater caused DNA damage to zebrafish hepatocytes, and the genotoxicity was still significantly higher than that of negative control group. The correlation analysis of physicochemical index and toxicity index showed that the chemical oxygen demand (Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD) of acrylic fiber wastewater had no significant correlation with toxicity, while ammonia nitrogen had significant correlation with toxicity. Ammonia nitrogen may be one of the important toxic factors of this kind of wastewater. COD, ammonia nitrogen in explosive wastewater was significantly correlated with acute toxicity, but not with genotoxicity. In this study, the biological toxicity of chemical wastewater in Liaohe River Basin was evaluated. The genotoxicity of surface water in Dongzhou River Hunhe River and Taixing River basin was detected by comet assay with zebrafish and wheat spike fish as the tested organisms and the degree of oxidative damage to the liver of fish exposed to water was tested. The results showed that no lethal effect on fish was found in the water samples, and there was no significant genotoxicity and oxidative damage to fish hepatocytes in Dahuofang Reservoir and Dongzhou River upstream of Hunhe River. In the middle and lower reaches of Dongzhou River, the damage degree of DNA to zebrafish and wheat spike fish in Liaoyang section of princeling river was significantly higher than that in control group. At the same time, the concentrations of superoxide dismutase, glutathione transferase, malondialdehyde and glutathione in liver of zebrafish and wheat spike fish were changed, which indicated that the surface water resulted in increased oxidative stress of fish. It may be an important cause of DNA damage. The results of this study can provide scientific basis for optimization of wastewater toxicity reduction technology and establishment of relevant laws and regulations for comprehensive wastewater toxicity management.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X78;X52
本文編號：2306036
[Abstract]:There are many chemical and petrochemical enterprises in Liaohe River Basin, most of them are distributed along the river. The discharge of industrial wastewater has potential harm to the ecological environment of the receiving water body and the health of the population. There are many kinds of pollutants in wastewater, which will form compound pollution and produce joint toxicity. The conventional physical and chemical indicators often can not accurately reflect the comprehensive biological toxicity of wastewater. Therefore, in order to control the concentration of major pollutants in wastewater, we should also pay attention to the development of effective toxicity evaluation methods, as well as the subsequent toxicity management and toxicity reduction. In this study, acrylic fiber wastewater and explosive wastewater from large petrochemical and special chemical enterprises in Liaohe River Basin were used as research objects, and four aquatic organisms of nutrient grade, including bacteria (luminescent bacillus), were used. Phytoplankton (S. obliquus), zooplankton (Daphnia macrophylla) and fish (zebrafish) were tested for general toxicity, and zebrafish hepatocyte comet tail moment was used to characterize the genotoxicity of wastewater. The two kinds of chemical wastewater have different degrees of general toxicity and genetic toxicity to aquatic organisms. The acrylonitrile wastewater was low toxic to luminescent bacteria and algae. The (Toxicity Units, TU) of acute toxicity to fleas and zebrafish was 1.4 and 2.9, respectively, and decreased to 0 and 0.5 after anaerobic aerobic treatment. The two kinds of explosive wastewater had strong acute toxicity to luminescent bacteria, S. obliquus, Daphnia Magna and zebrafish before treatment. The TU value of the wastewater from the products of trinitrotoluene ranged from 256-1429. The TU values of dinitrotoluene wastewater were 17.2-71.4. Acrylic fiber wastewater and explosive wastewater caused DNA damage to zebrafish hepatocytes, and the genotoxicity was still significantly higher than that of negative control group. The correlation analysis of physicochemical index and toxicity index showed that the chemical oxygen demand (Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD) of acrylic fiber wastewater had no significant correlation with toxicity, while ammonia nitrogen had significant correlation with toxicity. Ammonia nitrogen may be one of the important toxic factors of this kind of wastewater. COD, ammonia nitrogen in explosive wastewater was significantly correlated with acute toxicity, but not with genotoxicity. In this study, the biological toxicity of chemical wastewater in Liaohe River Basin was evaluated. The genotoxicity of surface water in Dongzhou River Hunhe River and Taixing River basin was detected by comet assay with zebrafish and wheat spike fish as the tested organisms and the degree of oxidative damage to the liver of fish exposed to water was tested. The results showed that no lethal effect on fish was found in the water samples, and there was no significant genotoxicity and oxidative damage to fish hepatocytes in Dahuofang Reservoir and Dongzhou River upstream of Hunhe River. In the middle and lower reaches of Dongzhou River, the damage degree of DNA to zebrafish and wheat spike fish in Liaoyang section of princeling river was significantly higher than that in control group. At the same time, the concentrations of superoxide dismutase, glutathione transferase, malondialdehyde and glutathione in liver of zebrafish and wheat spike fish were changed, which indicated that the surface water resulted in increased oxidative stress of fish. It may be an important cause of DNA damage. The results of this study can provide scientific basis for optimization of wastewater toxicity reduction technology and establishment of relevant laws and regulations for comprehensive wastewater toxicity management.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X78;X52
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