【摘要】：本文通過現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)徐州圭河黃橋國(guó)控?cái)嗝嫔嫌?000米河段水質(zhì),發(fā)現(xiàn)其生態(tài)治理工程,特別是試驗(yàn)工程——生態(tài)浮床對(duì)氮、磷的處理效果并不是特別顯著,為此本文決定改善生態(tài)浮床基質(zhì),期望利用以物理吸附為主的基質(zhì),通過植物吸收將氮磷帶出水體,所以在實(shí)驗(yàn)室選擇沸石、蛭石和生物炭進(jìn)行吸附實(shí)驗(yàn),根據(jù)三種基質(zhì)對(duì)氮磷的吸附率來確定三種基質(zhì)的最佳混合配比,然后根據(jù)幾種配比的混合基質(zhì)對(duì)氮磷的吸附和解吸實(shí)驗(yàn)來確定室內(nèi)水培實(shí)驗(yàn)的最優(yōu)混合基質(zhì),最后,在不同的氮磷濃度和有無基質(zhì)的條件下種植黃花鳶尾,以此來比較基質(zhì)對(duì)植物吸收利用氮磷的作用。本文取得的主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)沸石、蛭石和生物炭對(duì)氮、磷的吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)中,隨著溶液中氮磷濃度的增大,三種基質(zhì)對(duì)氮磷的吸附量都增加,但對(duì)氮磷的吸附率卻逐漸降低;并且從沸石、蛭石和生物炭對(duì)氮磷的等溫吸附曲線可以看出,沸石對(duì)氛氮的吸附容量最大,蛭石對(duì)磷的吸附容量最大。三種基質(zhì)的比較中,沸石對(duì)氨氮和磷的吸附能力都很強(qiáng)。根據(jù)沸石、蛭石和生物炭對(duì)磷的吸附去除率,再結(jié)合考慮沸石對(duì)解吸的影響,確定三種基質(zhì)的混合比例為(沸石:蛭石:生物炭)3:1:1、2:1:1和1:1:1。(2)混合基質(zhì)對(duì)氮磷的吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)中,三種比例的混合基質(zhì)對(duì)氨氮的吸附率大小為3:1:11:1:12:1:1,即3:1:1型的混合基質(zhì)對(duì)氨氮的吸附率最大;而2:1:1型的混合基質(zhì)對(duì)磷的吸附率最大�；旌匣|(zhì)對(duì)氮磷的解吸實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,低分子量有機(jī)酸能夠促進(jìn)基質(zhì)對(duì)磷的釋放,并且混合基質(zhì)中沸石的量相對(duì)增多時(shí),不利于基質(zhì)對(duì)磷的解吸。除此之外,選擇3:1:1和2:1:1型的混合基質(zhì)作為室內(nèi)水培實(shí)驗(yàn)的對(duì)象。(3)室內(nèi)水培實(shí)驗(yàn)中,混合基質(zhì)對(duì)鳶尾吸收利用氮起到促進(jìn)作用,而介于生物炭本身含有磷的原因,基質(zhì)對(duì)植物利用磷的作用還需進(jìn)一步研究。從收割后黃花鳶尾根、莖中的全磷和全氮量看,2:1:1型的混合基質(zhì)對(duì)鳶尾吸收利用磷的效果要更好一些,而3:1:1型的混合基質(zhì)對(duì)鳶尾吸收利用氛氮的效果要好一些。再結(jié)合花盆中基質(zhì)對(duì)氮磷的解吸實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的結(jié)論是,沸石量相對(duì)增多時(shí),不利于鳶尾對(duì)磷的吸收,但有利于鳶尾吸收利用氨氮。
[Abstract]:By monitoring the water quality of 1000 meters upstream of the section of Huanghuhe Yellow River Bridge in Xuzhou, this paper finds that the ecological treatment engineering, especially the experimental project, the ecological floating bed, is not particularly effective in the treatment of nitrogen and phosphorus. Therefore, this paper decided to improve the ecological floating bed matrix, expecting to use the physical adsorption matrix to take nitrogen and phosphorus out of the water body through plant absorption. Therefore, zeolite, vermiculite and biochar were selected in the laboratory for adsorption experiments. According to the adsorption rate of nitrogen and phosphorus from three kinds of substrates to determine the optimum mixing ratio of the three kinds of substrates, and then according to the adsorption and desorption experiments of nitrogen and phosphorus on several mixed substrates to determine the optimum mixed substrates of indoor hydroponic experiments, finally, In order to compare the effect of substrate on uptake and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus under different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and with or without substrate, Iris huanghuaensis was planted in order to compare the effect of substrate on uptake and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus. The main results obtained in this paper are as follows: (1) in the experiments of adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by zeolite, vermiculite and biochar, the adsorption capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus increased with the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in solution. However, the adsorption rate of nitrogen and phosphorus decreased gradually. From the isothermal adsorption curves of zeolite, vermiculite and biochar, it can be seen that zeolite has the largest adsorption capacity for nitrogen and vermiculite for phosphorus. In the comparison of the three substrates, the adsorption ability of zeolite for ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus is very strong. According to the removal rate of phosphorus by zeolite, vermiculite and biochar, and considering the effect of zeolite on desorption, It is determined that the mixing ratios of the three substrates are (zeolite: vermiculite: biochar) 3: 1: 1: 1: 1: 1 and 1: 1: 1. (2) adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus on mixed substrates. The adsorption rate of ammonia nitrogen on three kinds of mixed substrates is 3: 1: 11: 1: 1: 12: 1: 1, that is, the 3:1:1 mixed matrix has the highest adsorption rate for ammonia nitrogen. The adsorption rate of phosphorus on 2:1:1 mixed matrix was the highest. The desorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by mixed matrix shows that low molecular weight organic acid can promote the release of phosphorus from matrix, and when the amount of zeolite in mixed matrix is relatively increased, it is not conducive to the desorption of phosphorus by matrix. In addition, the mixture substrates of 3:1:1 and 2:1:1 were selected as the subjects of indoor hydroponic experiments. (3) in the indoor hydroponic experiments, the mixed substrates promoted the absorption and utilization of nitrogen in iris. However, the effect of substrate on the utilization of phosphorus in plants should be further studied in view of the reason that biochar contains phosphorus. In terms of the total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the roots and stems of iris after harvest, the effect of 2:1:1 mixed substrate on the absorption and utilization of phosphorus was better. The 3:1:1 mixed substrate had better effect on the absorption and utilization of nitrogen in Iris. Combined with the experiment of nitrogen and phosphorus desorption by substrate in flowerpot, it was concluded that when the amount of zeolite increased relatively, it was not good for the absorption of phosphorus by Iris, but was beneficial to the absorption and utilization of ammonia nitrogen by Iris.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X52

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