填埋場周邊土壤的重金屬污染特性研究及評價
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-24 21:25
【摘要】：本論文以某填埋場周邊土壤為研究對象,通過設置采樣點對土壤進行采集,將采集回來的土壤在實驗室內(nèi)進行重金屬含量的測定,并在測得結果統(tǒng)計的基礎上應用多種不同的評價方法對土壤的污染程度進行評價,最終得出如下結論：(1)所選區(qū)域土壤性質為偏堿性土壤,土壤的pH值平均為7.94。土壤中的銅、鉛、鋅離子含量較高,存在超標現(xiàn)象,說明上述三種重金屬在土壤中有一定的累積。土壤中鉻離子的含量較低,接近背景值水平,無重金屬累積現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。(2)水平方向上,重金屬離子的含量與距離的關系較為明顯,即距離填埋場越遠,含量越低。垂直方向上,不同深度的土壤中重金屬含量也不同,整體呈現(xiàn)出取樣深含量少的規(guī)律；根據(jù)Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr之間相關系數(shù)的計算結果,前三者存在明顯的正相關性,推測上述三種重金屬的同時超標是由填埋場的存在引起的；Cr與其他三種重金屬之間相關性不大,并且Cr含量也沒有超標情況,說明填埋場周邊的土壤沒有被Cr污染。(3)通過單因子污染指數(shù)結果發(fā)現(xiàn)：30個取樣點中,受到Cu輕度污染的樣點數(shù)為2個,單因子污染指數(shù)的最大值為1.56；受到Pb輕度污染的樣點為3個,最大Pb污染指數(shù)為1.46。受到Zn輕度污染的樣點數(shù)為3個,中度污染的樣點數(shù)為3個,最大Zn污染指數(shù)為2.52。(4)通過內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)法可知：距離填埋場100m范圍內(nèi)的土壤為輕度污染,100-500m范圍內(nèi)為污染警戒區(qū),500m以外土壤未受到重金屬污染。對土壤重金屬污染貢獻最大的是重金屬Zn,沒有出現(xiàn)重金屬Cr的污染。(5)通過地累積指數(shù)法可知,研究區(qū)域土壤中重金屬元素的污染級別排序為ZnCuPb Cr。根據(jù)采樣點重金屬地累積指數(shù)的平均值可以看出：30個采樣點的重金屬污染程度均未達到中度污染。(6)通過模糊數(shù)學法可知：填埋場周邊土壤中存在重金屬污染情況,污染等級在2級到3級之間,污染程度較輕。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the soil around a landfill is taken as the research object, and the heavy metal content of the collected soil is measured in the laboratory by setting up a sampling point to collect the soil. On the basis of the statistics of the measured results, a variety of different evaluation methods were used to evaluate the pollution degree of the soil. Finally, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) the soil properties of the selected region were alkaline, and the average pH value of the soil was 7.94. The content of Cu, Pb and Zn in soil is high, which indicates that the above three heavy metals are accumulated in soil to some extent. The content of chromium ion in soil is lower, which is close to the background value, and there is no accumulation of heavy metals. (2) in the horizontal direction, the relationship between the content of heavy metal ion and the distance is obvious, that is, the farther away from the landfill, the lower the content. In the vertical direction, the contents of heavy metals in the soils of different depths are also different, showing the law of less sampling depth as a whole, according to the calculation results of correlation coefficient between Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr, the former three have obvious positive correlation. It is assumed that the excess of these three heavy metals at the same time is caused by the presence of landfills, that there is little correlation between Cr and the other three heavy metals, and that the content of Cr does not exceed the standard. The results showed that the soil around the landfill was not polluted by Cr. (3) the results of single factor pollution index showed that: among the 30 sampling points, 2 samples were slightly polluted by Cu, and the maximum value of single factor pollution index was 1.56; Three samples were slightly polluted by Pb, and the maximum Pb pollution index was 1.46. There were 3 samples with mild Zn pollution and 3 with moderate pollution. The maximum Zn pollution index was 2.52. (4) through the comprehensive pollution index method of Nemero, the soil within 100 m from the landfill was slightly polluted, and the range from 100 to 500 m was the pollution warning area, and the soil beyond 500m was not contaminated by heavy metals. The biggest contribution to soil heavy metal pollution is that heavy metal Zn, does not occur heavy metal Cr pollution. (5) through the method of ground accumulation index, the pollution grade of heavy metal elements in the studied area is ranked as ZnCuPb Cr.. According to the average value of heavy metal accumulation index in sampling sites, it can be seen that the heavy metal pollution degree of 30 sampling sites is not up to moderate pollution. (6) through fuzzy mathematics method, we can know that heavy metal pollution exists in the soil around landfill site. The pollution level is between level 2 and level 3, and the pollution level is lighter.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X825
本文編號：2292597
[Abstract]:In this paper, the soil around a landfill is taken as the research object, and the heavy metal content of the collected soil is measured in the laboratory by setting up a sampling point to collect the soil. On the basis of the statistics of the measured results, a variety of different evaluation methods were used to evaluate the pollution degree of the soil. Finally, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) the soil properties of the selected region were alkaline, and the average pH value of the soil was 7.94. The content of Cu, Pb and Zn in soil is high, which indicates that the above three heavy metals are accumulated in soil to some extent. The content of chromium ion in soil is lower, which is close to the background value, and there is no accumulation of heavy metals. (2) in the horizontal direction, the relationship between the content of heavy metal ion and the distance is obvious, that is, the farther away from the landfill, the lower the content. In the vertical direction, the contents of heavy metals in the soils of different depths are also different, showing the law of less sampling depth as a whole, according to the calculation results of correlation coefficient between Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr, the former three have obvious positive correlation. It is assumed that the excess of these three heavy metals at the same time is caused by the presence of landfills, that there is little correlation between Cr and the other three heavy metals, and that the content of Cr does not exceed the standard. The results showed that the soil around the landfill was not polluted by Cr. (3) the results of single factor pollution index showed that: among the 30 sampling points, 2 samples were slightly polluted by Cu, and the maximum value of single factor pollution index was 1.56; Three samples were slightly polluted by Pb, and the maximum Pb pollution index was 1.46. There were 3 samples with mild Zn pollution and 3 with moderate pollution. The maximum Zn pollution index was 2.52. (4) through the comprehensive pollution index method of Nemero, the soil within 100 m from the landfill was slightly polluted, and the range from 100 to 500 m was the pollution warning area, and the soil beyond 500m was not contaminated by heavy metals. The biggest contribution to soil heavy metal pollution is that heavy metal Zn, does not occur heavy metal Cr pollution. (5) through the method of ground accumulation index, the pollution grade of heavy metal elements in the studied area is ranked as ZnCuPb Cr.. According to the average value of heavy metal accumulation index in sampling sites, it can be seen that the heavy metal pollution degree of 30 sampling sites is not up to moderate pollution. (6) through fuzzy mathematics method, we can know that heavy metal pollution exists in the soil around landfill site. The pollution level is between level 2 and level 3, and the pollution level is lighter.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X825
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