廣州市醫(yī)療廢物無害化處置調查及典型醫(yī)療塑料熱解特性研究
[Abstract]:With the increase of medical waste production in Guangzhou, the disposal of medical waste is paid more and more attention by municipal government and people. Medical waste is very harmful and there are many risks in the process of disposal, which restricts the sustainable and coordinated development of society, economy and environment in Guangzhou. Especially, the adaptability of various disposal technology and the difference of technological principle lead to great difference in construction investment and operation cost of various disposal technologies, and the effect of disposal is also mixed, which brings great difficulties to government departments in choosing disposal technology. The treatment of medical waste in Guangzhou has been carried out for 18 years. The disposal technology and management mode can not represent the advanced level nowadays. There are also some problems in the process of medical waste generation and disposal. In particular, the rapid growth of the amount of medical waste, the treatment of medical waste in Guangzhou brings great pressure. Pyrolysis technology not only has the advantages of incineration technology but also can save energy and prevent secondary pollution effectively. It is considered to be a safe and efficient new treatment technology. Based on the study of the status quo of medical waste generation and disposal in Guangzhou, this paper analyzes the composition, classification, production characteristics, construction, operation and disposal of medical waste in Guangzhou. The problems existing in the process of producing and disposing of medical waste are put forward, the production of medical waste in Guangzhou is predicted, the characteristics of incineration technology and high temperature steam sterilization technology are analyzed, and the incineration technology of different furnace types is analyzed. The treatment technology suitable for medical waste disposal in Guangzhou is put forward. Finally, the pyrolysis tests of typical medical plastics were carried out, and the pyrolysis characteristics of the mixed components and the influence factors were analyzed, which provided a theoretical basis for the design parameters and operation of pyrolysis incineration technology. The results are as follows: (1) in the composition of medical waste in Guangzhou, the content of plastic components is relatively high, and with the large use of disposable medical devices, the content of plastic components in medical waste will be higher and higher in the future; (2) the amount of medical waste in Guangzhou is increasing, and it is predicted that it will reach 25749.38 t in 2020. The disposal pressure is huge, the classification is not complete, the disposal technology is single, the equipment is aging and the facility requirement is not standardized. (3) based on the comparative analysis of various technologies and the present situation of medical waste treatment in Guangzhou, it is suggested that the pyrolytic incinerator should be selected as a new medical waste treatment process, (4) the weak interaction between each component in the pyrolysis process of mixed components, This is mainly due to the interaction between HCl and other components in the PVC thermal analysis of the infusion tube, and the whole pyrolysis process basically reflects the behavior of the one-component pyrolysis. (5) for the mixed components, the heating rate has the greatest influence on the pyrolysis process. The final temperature, gas flow rate and sample mass have little effect on the pyrolysis characteristics of the mixed components.
【學位授予單位】:廣東工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2016
【分類號】:X799.5
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