石河子大氣懸浮顆粒物中化學組分的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-21 15:01
【摘要】：大氣懸浮顆粒物由于其在大氣中分布廣泛、化學組成復雜、空間變化大,對全球氣候、空氣質(zhì)量影響較大而逐漸受到各方面的專家關注,成為大氣科學領域的研究重點。本研究通過分析石河子大氣懸浮顆粒物中幾種化學組分的基本特性,對石河子大氣污染狀況有了基本的了解,為以后進一步分析、評價石河子大氣污染狀況奠定了基礎。本研究針對石河子五個具有代表性的功能區(qū),分析了2014年的1月、5月、8月、10月,四個月的大氣懸浮顆粒物的污染特征及重金屬組分、多環(huán)芳烴、水溶性離子組分等。利用原子吸收光譜法測定所采集樣品中幾種重金屬的含量,采用GC/MS測定所采集樣品中的多環(huán)芳烴的含量,離子色譜法測定樣品中水溶性離子的含量。在五個采樣點中,南山新區(qū)和西城古鎮(zhèn)的TSP質(zhì)量濃度日均值符合環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量標準中的一級標準(120μg/m3),向陽街道的TSP質(zhì)量濃度日均值符合二級標準(300μg/m3),老街符合TSP質(zhì)量濃度日均值達到了三級標準(500μg/m3),而工業(yè)園區(qū)TSP平均質(zhì)量濃度已經(jīng)超出了規(guī)定的最大限值。石河子的四個季節(jié)中,冬季的TSP平均濃度是最高的,夏季最低;工業(yè)園區(qū)TSP的平均濃度是其他采樣站點的3-5倍;西古城鎮(zhèn)和南山新區(qū)TSP的平均濃度都很低。石河子大氣顆粒物中鎳的平均濃度為21.47 ng/m3,鉻的平均濃度為60.20ng/m3,鎘的平均濃度為4.22 ng/m3,鉛的平均濃度為122.38 ng/m3,銅的平均濃度為36.82 ng/m3,鎂的平均濃度為2664.99 ng/m3,鋅的平均濃度為246.24 ng/m3。鉻和鎘的平均濃度在安全范圍(100 ng/m3和1.5 ng/m3)以內(nèi)。通過測量苯并(a)芘單個化合物濃度,可以對其它的PAHs總量進行評價。石河子大氣懸浮顆粒物中16種的含量在各季不盡相同,其中以苯并[b]熒蒽(5環(huán))、屈(4環(huán))、苯并傒(6環(huán))的含量位居前列,其中強致癌的Ba P平均濃度為7.68 ng/m3。全年不同采樣點PAHs的平均濃度大小順序為:工業(yè)園區(qū)老街向陽街道南山新區(qū)西古城鎮(zhèn)。石河子春、夏、秋、冬四季PAHs總量濃度分別為108.14、74.05、31.13、48.96 ng/m3。通過相關分析,石河子并沒有可以產(chǎn)生F-的污染源,五種離子中SO42-和NH4+的濃度相對較高,工業(yè)區(qū)的SO42-和Cl-的濃度尤其的高,老街與向陽街道的離子濃度相差不大,南山新區(qū)與西古城鎮(zhèn)的離子濃度很相近。SO42-和Cl-,NO3-和NH4+的相關性均較高,分別為0.97和0.91。這些離子之間較高的相關性反映了其具有較高的同源性,五個采樣點中大氣懸浮顆粒物的NO3-/SO42-的質(zhì)量比都沒有達到0.5,所以石河子的污染是以固定源為主。
[Abstract]:Because of its wide distribution in the atmosphere, complex chemical composition, large spatial change, and great influence on global climate and air quality, atmospheric suspended particulates have gradually attracted the attention of experts from all over the world, and have become the focus of atmospheric science research. By analyzing the basic characteristics of several chemical components in Shihezi atmospheric suspended particulates, this study has a basic understanding of Shihezi atmospheric pollution, which lays a foundation for further analysis and evaluation of Shihezi atmospheric pollution. In this study, the pollution characteristics, heavy metal components, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and water-soluble ion components of atmospheric suspended particulates in January, May, August, October, and four months in Shihezi were analyzed. The contents of several heavy metals in the samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), the contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the samples were determined by GC/MS, and the contents of water-soluble ions in the samples were determined by ion chromatography. In the five sampling sites, The daily mean of TSP concentration in Nanshan New District and Xicheng Ancient Town conforms to the first class standard of ambient air quality standard (120 渭 g/m3), the daily mean value of TSP concentration in Xiangyang street conforms to the second class standard (300 渭 g/m3), and the daily average value of TSP concentration in old street accords with that of TSP. The third class standard (500 渭 g/m3), and the industrial park TSP average mass concentration has exceeded the prescribed maximum limit. In the four seasons of Shihezi, the average concentration of TSP in winter is the highest, the lowest in summer, the average concentration of TSP in industrial park is 3-5 times that of other sampling stations, and the average concentration of TSP in West Ancient Town and Nanshan New area is very low. The average concentration of nickel in particulate matter in Shihezi is 21.47 ng/m3, chromium is 60.20 ng / m3, cadmium is 4.22 ng/m3, lead is 122.38 ng/m3, copper is 36.82 ng/m3, magnesium is 2664.99 ng/m3, zinc is 246.24 ng/m3.. The average concentrations of chromium and cadmium are within a safe range (100 ng/m3 and 1. 5 ng/m3). The total amount of PAHs can be evaluated by measuring the concentration of benzo (a) pyrene single compound. The contents of 16 kinds of suspended particulates in Shihezi atmosphere varied from season to season. The concentrations of benzo [b] fluoranthene (5 rings), qu (4 rings), and benzophane (6 rings) were among the highest in Shihezi. The average concentration of strongly carcinogenic Ba P was 7.68 ng/m3.. The order of average concentration of PAHs at different sampling points in the whole year is: old Street, Xiangyang Street, Industrial Park, Nanshan New area, West Old Town. The total PAHs concentrations of Shihezi in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 108.14 (74.05) and 31.13 (48.96 ng/m3.), respectively. Through the correlation analysis, Shihezi did not produce the pollution source of F-, the concentration of SO42- and NH4 in five kinds of ions was relatively high, the concentration of SO42- and Cl- in industrial area was especially high, the concentration of ions in Laojie and Xiangyang street was not different from that in Xiangyang street. The concentrations of ions in Nanshan New area were similar to those in the West Old Town, and the correlations between SO42-, Cl-,NO3- and NH4 were 0.97 and 0.91respectively. The high correlation between these ions reflects their high homology, and the mass ratio of NO3-/SO42- of atmospheric suspended particulates in the five sampling sites is not up to 0.5, so the pollution of Shihezi is mainly from fixed sources.
【學位授予單位】：石河子大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X513
本文編號：2285458
[Abstract]:Because of its wide distribution in the atmosphere, complex chemical composition, large spatial change, and great influence on global climate and air quality, atmospheric suspended particulates have gradually attracted the attention of experts from all over the world, and have become the focus of atmospheric science research. By analyzing the basic characteristics of several chemical components in Shihezi atmospheric suspended particulates, this study has a basic understanding of Shihezi atmospheric pollution, which lays a foundation for further analysis and evaluation of Shihezi atmospheric pollution. In this study, the pollution characteristics, heavy metal components, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and water-soluble ion components of atmospheric suspended particulates in January, May, August, October, and four months in Shihezi were analyzed. The contents of several heavy metals in the samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), the contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the samples were determined by GC/MS, and the contents of water-soluble ions in the samples were determined by ion chromatography. In the five sampling sites, The daily mean of TSP concentration in Nanshan New District and Xicheng Ancient Town conforms to the first class standard of ambient air quality standard (120 渭 g/m3), the daily mean value of TSP concentration in Xiangyang street conforms to the second class standard (300 渭 g/m3), and the daily average value of TSP concentration in old street accords with that of TSP. The third class standard (500 渭 g/m3), and the industrial park TSP average mass concentration has exceeded the prescribed maximum limit. In the four seasons of Shihezi, the average concentration of TSP in winter is the highest, the lowest in summer, the average concentration of TSP in industrial park is 3-5 times that of other sampling stations, and the average concentration of TSP in West Ancient Town and Nanshan New area is very low. The average concentration of nickel in particulate matter in Shihezi is 21.47 ng/m3, chromium is 60.20 ng / m3, cadmium is 4.22 ng/m3, lead is 122.38 ng/m3, copper is 36.82 ng/m3, magnesium is 2664.99 ng/m3, zinc is 246.24 ng/m3.. The average concentrations of chromium and cadmium are within a safe range (100 ng/m3 and 1. 5 ng/m3). The total amount of PAHs can be evaluated by measuring the concentration of benzo (a) pyrene single compound. The contents of 16 kinds of suspended particulates in Shihezi atmosphere varied from season to season. The concentrations of benzo [b] fluoranthene (5 rings), qu (4 rings), and benzophane (6 rings) were among the highest in Shihezi. The average concentration of strongly carcinogenic Ba P was 7.68 ng/m3.. The order of average concentration of PAHs at different sampling points in the whole year is: old Street, Xiangyang Street, Industrial Park, Nanshan New area, West Old Town. The total PAHs concentrations of Shihezi in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 108.14 (74.05) and 31.13 (48.96 ng/m3.), respectively. Through the correlation analysis, Shihezi did not produce the pollution source of F-, the concentration of SO42- and NH4 in five kinds of ions was relatively high, the concentration of SO42- and Cl- in industrial area was especially high, the concentration of ions in Laojie and Xiangyang street was not different from that in Xiangyang street. The concentrations of ions in Nanshan New area were similar to those in the West Old Town, and the correlations between SO42-, Cl-,NO3- and NH4 were 0.97 and 0.91respectively. The high correlation between these ions reflects their high homology, and the mass ratio of NO3-/SO42- of atmospheric suspended particulates in the five sampling sites is not up to 0.5, so the pollution of Shihezi is mainly from fixed sources.
【學位授予單位】：石河子大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X513
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