【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)快速發(fā)展,多種化學(xué)物質(zhì)被應(yīng)用到日常生活中。對(duì)羥基苯甲酸酯(parabens)作為一種性能優(yōu)良的防腐劑被廣泛應(yīng)用到食品、個(gè)人護(hù)理品和藥物等領(lǐng)域,隨著其使用規(guī)模和范圍的擴(kuò)大,增加了人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪信c其接觸的頻率和暴露。動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)證明parabens具有雌激素活性,可能影響人類生殖系統(tǒng)發(fā)育,與女性乳腺癌發(fā)病有關(guān)。因此開展該類物質(zhì)在環(huán)境中的殘留及人體暴露研究具有重要意義。本文對(duì)109個(gè)我國(guó)青年人群尿液樣品(男性68個(gè)、女性41個(gè))和100個(gè)市面常見藥物樣品中parabens殘留水平進(jìn)行了研究,分別采用固相萃取和液液萃取對(duì)樣品進(jìn)行預(yù)處理,采用HPLC-MS/MS和UPLC-MS/MS進(jìn)行樣品中parabens的檢測(cè)。研究結(jié)果表明尿液中5種parabens總濃度(∑parabens)范圍是0.82~728 ng/m L,濃度中值為14.3 ng/m L,Me P、Et P和Pr P的檢出率為100%,Bu P和Bz P的檢出率分別為61%和19%,Me P和Pr P為主要目標(biāo)物。女性尿液中parabens濃度高于男性,大約是其2倍,不同地區(qū)間濃度差異較小。藥物的檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明,樣品總檢出率為97%,∑parabens濃度范圍是0.90~1256 ng/g,中值為119 ng/g,組成特征與尿液相似。結(jié)合發(fā)表的關(guān)于我國(guó)食物、個(gè)人護(hù)理品和灰塵介質(zhì)中parabens的濃度結(jié)果,本文對(duì)我國(guó)青年人群parabens暴露水平進(jìn)行了分析研究。結(jié)果表明外暴露途徑中個(gè)人護(hù)理品是主要的暴露介質(zhì),尤其是女性,暴露量為28.0μg/kg-bw/day,對(duì)總暴露的貢獻(xiàn)率達(dá)到了68.6%,其次是食物暴露,其他介質(zhì)的暴露水平較低。通過尿液中parabens的濃度計(jì)算的我國(guó)青年人群的暴露量為18.4μg/kg-bw/day(男性)和40.8μg/kg-bw/day(女性),人體健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果表明,我國(guó)青年人群對(duì)parabens的暴露風(fēng)險(xiǎn)處于較低水平。若將尿液暴露水平作為內(nèi)暴露,其他環(huán)境介質(zhì)暴露水平作為外暴露。本文還對(duì)parabens的外暴露和內(nèi)暴露進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的比較,結(jié)果表明,二者暴露水平不匹配,存在一定的差異,尤其是男性人群,外暴露僅占內(nèi)暴露的20.9%,女性因?yàn)閭�(gè)人護(hù)理品的大量使用,其外暴露約為內(nèi)暴露的71.3%。導(dǎo)致這種差異性的原因可能是:外暴露途徑還不全面,可能存在未知的暴露源;不同的研究方法之間存在誤差,如暴露水平的計(jì)算。所以,未來有必要深入開展人體內(nèi)暴露和外暴露的關(guān)系研究,更加準(zhǔn)確的評(píng)估人體的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern social economy and technology, a variety of chemicals have been applied in daily life. As an excellent preservative, p-hydroxybenzoate (parabens) has been widely used in food, personal care products and medicine. With the expansion of its scale and scope of use, it has increased the frequency and exposure of people to contact with it in their daily life. Animal experiments have proved that parabens has estrogenic activity, which may affect the development of human reproductive system, and may be related to the incidence of breast cancer in women. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the environmental residues and human exposure of these substances. The residual levels of parabens in 109 urine samples (68 males and 41 females) and 100 common drug samples from China were studied. The samples were pretreated with solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLP), respectively. HPLC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/MS were used to detect parabens in the samples. The results showed that the range of 鈭，

本文編號(hào)：2281200