【摘要】：本課題以松花江哈爾濱市區(qū)段底泥沉積物為主要研究對(duì)象,對(duì)重金屬進(jìn)行了空間分布分析、基于總量的污染特性分析和潛在生態(tài)危害性分析、基于可反應(yīng)性/的潛在生態(tài)危害分析、單因素及其正交條件下重金屬及氮、磷的富集規(guī)律研究。松花江哈爾濱市區(qū)段重金屬空間分布中,Cd含量超過黑龍江省表層沉積物背景值4.43至6.94倍,Zn含量略超背景值,Cr、Pb和Cu含量低于背景值。就各重金屬總量而言:ZnCrCuPbCd,就與背景值的比值關(guān)系而言:CdZnCuPbCr。在選取的4個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)中,哈爾濱音樂公園附近采樣點(diǎn)處污染較嚴(yán)重。重金屬多元統(tǒng)計(jì)分析結(jié)果表明,Cd與Pb具有較高的同源性,且主要來源于工業(yè)源和市政污水排放,而Cu、Zn與Cr主要來源于天然母巖,并可能受到一定人類活動(dòng)的影響。重金屬地積累指數(shù)法顯示A點(diǎn)Cd污染為3級(jí),其余為2級(jí),Cd是此區(qū)段主要污染元素,余下元素污染等級(jí)為0;潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果4點(diǎn)均為4級(jí)偏強(qiáng)度污染,且Cd對(duì)RI貢獻(xiàn)均超過95%。重金屬賦存狀態(tài)分析中,Cd與Pb可交換態(tài)含量較高,具有較大的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn);在可交換態(tài)中,Cr、Cu元素以有機(jī)硫化物結(jié)合態(tài)為主,Pb、Zn元素以鐵錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)為主;Cd在A點(diǎn)可弱酸提取態(tài)明顯升高,具有明顯的工業(yè)源注入�；诳煞磻�(yīng)性的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估指數(shù)RAC:鎘鉛鉻鋅銅,各采樣點(diǎn)RAC:ABCD。單因素下重金屬富集試驗(yàn)表明,溫度的提高有助于重金屬向沉積物的快速富集,后期溫度的降低會(huì)促使吸附向正方向進(jìn)行提高重金屬富集量;鉻、鎘和鋅富集量均隨著p H的降低而降低,p H值對(duì)三者影響的顯著性:鎘鋅鉻;紊流下重金屬富集速率高于層流和靜置,試驗(yàn)運(yùn)行后期吸附量鉻和鋅元素為層流靜置紊流,鎘元素為紊流層流靜置,差異源于流速變化對(duì)濃度梯度傳質(zhì)驅(qū)動(dòng)力的影響和水體流動(dòng)對(duì)表層沉積物結(jié)構(gòu)及有效吸附層厚度的影響的綜合作用。濃度控制結(jié)果顯示沉積物對(duì)于鋅和鎘具有較大的吸附容量,對(duì)鉻吸附容量較小。在多因素正交下重金屬富集試驗(yàn)中,流速與p H正交下各元素富集規(guī)律與單因素下的趨勢(shì)基本相同。流速與溫度正交下各元素富集規(guī)律與單因素下的富集規(guī)律相似,但相比于單因素正交條件對(duì)吸附量差異的顯著性有所削弱。單因素下氮磷富集試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,低溫下TN、TP富集量較大;流速控制中的TN、TP吸附量層流靜置紊流;酸堿度對(duì)TN富集的影響在于對(duì)物理化學(xué)吸附和離子交換過程的作用上,對(duì)TP富集通過改變磷與金屬元素的結(jié)合狀態(tài)和磷酸根離子或磷酸氫根離子的離子交換過程來影響,過酸或過堿均不利于TN、TP的富集。
[Abstract]:Based on the analysis of the pollution characteristics of the total amount and the potential ecological hazard analysis, based on the potential ecological hazard analysis of the reactive/ potential, Study on the enrichment of heavy metals and nitrogen and phosphorus under single factor and its orthogonal condition. The contents of Cd in the heavy metal spatial distribution of Harbin Harbin section exceed 4.43 to 6.94 times the background value of the surface sediments in Heilongjiang Province, and the Zn content is slightly higher than the background value, and the content of Cr, Pb and Cu is lower than the background value. For the total amount of heavy metals: ZnCrCuPbCd, in relation to the ratio of background values: CdZnCuPbCr. At the selected four sampling points, the pollution at sampling points near Harbin music park is serious. The results of multivariate statistical analysis of heavy metals show that Cd and Pb have higher homology and are mainly derived from industrial sources and municipal sewage discharge, while Cu, Zn and Cr are mainly derived from natural parent rocks and may be affected by certain human activities. The heavy metal accumulation index method showed that Cd pollution at point A was Grade 3, the rest is grade 2, Cd is the main pollution element in this section, and the remaining element pollution level is 0. The potential risk assessment result is 4-stage partial intensity pollution, and Cd has more than 95% contribution to RI. In the analysis of the occurrence of heavy metals, the exchangeable state of Cd and Pb is higher, and it has a great potential risk; in exchangeable state, Cr and Cu are dominated by organic sulfide, Pb and Zn are dominated by iron-manganese oxide, Cd is obviously raised in weak acid extraction state at point A, with an obvious industrial source injection. Based on the reactive ecological risk assessment index RAC: Pb-Cr-Zn-Cu, each sampling point RAC: ABCD. The results of heavy metal enrichment under single factor indicate that the increase of temperature will help to enrich the heavy metal to the deposit rapidly, the decrease of later temperature will promote the adsorption to the positive direction to increase the concentration of heavy metal, and the concentration of Cr, Pb and Zn decreases with the decrease of p H. The influence of p-H value on three factors: zinc-zinc-chromium; the concentration rate of heavy metal in turbulent flow is higher than laminar flow and static state; the adsorption quantity of chromium and zinc in the later stage of experiment is laminar flow static turbulent flow, the turbulent flow element is turbulent laminar flow standing, The difference is due to the influence of flow velocity variation on the mass transfer driving force of the concentration gradient and the effect of water flow on the surface sediment structure and the effective adsorption layer thickness. The results of the concentration control show that the deposit has a large adsorption capacity for zinc and silver, and the adsorption capacity of chromium is small. In the experiment of heavy metal enrichment under multi-factors, the enrichment regularity of each element under the orthogonality of flow velocity and p H is basically the same as that under single factor. The enrichment regularity of each element under the condition of flow velocity and temperature is similar to that under single factor, but the significance of the difference of adsorption quantity is weakened compared with single factor orthogonal condition. The results of nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment under single factor show that the concentration of TN and TP is relatively large at low temperature; TN and TP in flow rate control are laminar and turbulent; the effect of pH on TN enrichment is on the function of physical and chemical adsorption and ion exchange process. The enrichment of TN and TP is not conducive to TP enrichment by changing the binding state of phosphorus to metal element and ion exchange process of phosphate ion or hydrogen phosphate ion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X824;X522

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本文編號(hào)：2281080