間歇曝氣式膜生物反應(yīng)器對養(yǎng)豬沼液中獸用抗生素去除途徑和特性的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-16 11:27
【摘要】：獸用抗生素因其防病治病、促進(jìn)生長的雙重作用,廣泛地應(yīng)用于規(guī)�；男竽琉B(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)業(yè)。但是,目前大量使用甚至濫用抗生素的現(xiàn)象十分嚴(yán)重,使得畜牧肉、蛋品中抗生素的殘留含量超標(biāo)。進(jìn)入生物體內(nèi)的抗生素只有30%~70%被利用,剩余的都隨排泄物一起進(jìn)入周邊水體、土壤等環(huán)境介質(zhì)。與其他污染物相比,抗生素的含量較低。但抗生素暴露時間持久、難生物降解的特性將使其持續(xù)對水體、土壤和生物產(chǎn)生潛在的環(huán)境風(fēng)險。含有抗生素的廢水通常使用活性碳吸附法、膜過濾法、普通活性污泥法(conventional activated sludge,CAS)和膜生物法(membrane bioreactor,MBR)等常規(guī)工藝處理�；钚蕴挤ê湍み^濾法不能真正分解環(huán)境中抗生素。普通活性污泥法對抗生素的去除效果一般。膜生物法是在生物處理的技術(shù)結(jié)合使用了膜分離技術(shù),通過分開控制水力停留時間(hydraulic retention time,HRT)和污泥停留時間(sludge residence time,SRT)可獲得更長的污泥齡及保留世代菌,對抗生素有較好的去除效果。長三角下游地區(qū)是重要的生豬養(yǎng)殖基地,受到養(yǎng)殖業(yè)和上游排水的雙重污染,導(dǎo)致水質(zhì)很差。目前,我國尚缺少開展膜生物法對獸用抗生素去除效果的研究報道,也未見有抗生素去除途徑的研究成果。本文以間歇式膜生素反應(yīng)器對養(yǎng)豬沼液中獸用抗生素的去除特性為研究目標(biāo),開展了以下工作:針對長江三角洲地區(qū)大型養(yǎng)豬場中常用的四類11種獸用抗生素(四環(huán)素類、磺胺類、喹諾酮類及大環(huán)內(nèi)酯類),開發(fā)了同步廢水和污泥中抗生素的固相萃取-高效液相色譜串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜方法(solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry,SPE-HPLC-MS/MS);采用間歇曝氣式膜生物反應(yīng)器(intermittent aeration membrane bioreactor,IAMBR)來處理養(yǎng)豬沼液,并且比較在不同HRT、SRT和碳氮比的運(yùn)行條件下,IAMBR對廢水中抗生素的去除效果及污泥中的積累情況;通過質(zhì)量衡算來闡明抗生素的主要去除途徑和去除比例;使用搖瓶試驗(yàn)來分析受到抗生素污染的活性污泥在降解TOC、氨氮方面是否會存在影響。結(jié)果表明:優(yōu)化后的SPE-HPLC/MS/MS方法檢出限低、靈敏度高,能同步檢出養(yǎng)豬沼液的水相、污泥相中的11種獸用抗生素;HRT通過改變有機(jī)物負(fù)荷成為影響水相中抗生素去除的主要因素,SRT、碳氮比不是水相中抗生素去除的重要影響因素。污泥中四環(huán)素類、磺胺類抗生素的積累濃度隨SRT的延長而增加,污泥中的抗生素含量與組成受進(jìn)水影響較大;四環(huán)素類主要通過吸附和降解去除、磺胺類抗生素的去除主要依靠降解;在目前抗生素污染程度下的活性污泥在降解TOC、氨氮方面沒有明顯的影響。
[Abstract]:Veterinary antibiotics are widely used in the field of animal husbandry because of their dual functions of preventing and curing diseases and promoting growth. However, the phenomenon of extensive use and even abuse of antibiotics is very serious at present, which makes the residue of antibiotics in livestock meat and egg products exceed the standard. Only 30% of the antibiotics entered into the organism were used, and the rest of the antibiotics entered the surrounding water body, soil and other environmental media with excreta. Compared with other pollutants, the content of antibiotics is lower. However, because antibiotics are exposed for a long time, the characteristics of difficult biodegradation will cause potential environmental risks to water, soil and organisms. Wastewater containing antibiotics is usually treated by conventional processes such as activated carbon adsorption, membrane filtration, conventional activated sludge (conventional activated sludge,CAS) and membrane biological process (membrane bioreactor,MBR). Activated carbon and membrane filtration methods can not really decompose antibiotics in the environment. The removal effect of antibiotics by conventional activated sludge process is general. Membrane biofilm process is the combination of membrane separation technology and biological treatment technology. By separate control of HRT (hydraulic retention time,HRT) and sludge residence time (sludge residence time,SRT), longer sludge age and longer generation bacteria can be obtained. It has better removal effect on antibiotics. The downstream region of Yangtze River Delta is an important pig breeding base, which is polluted by both aquaculture and upstream drainage, resulting in poor water quality. At present, there is no research report on the removal of veterinary antibiotics by membrane biological method in China, nor has there been any research results on the removal pathway of antibiotics. In this paper, the removal characteristics of animal antibiotics in pig biogas liquid by intermittent membrane bioreactor were studied. The following works were carried out: for the four kinds of 11 kinds of animal antibiotics (tetracycline) commonly used in large pig farms in the Yangtze River Delta region, Sulfonamides, Quinolones and macrolides), a solid-phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry,SPE-HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous treatment of antibiotics in wastewater and sludge, and an intermittent aerated membrane bioreactor (intermittent aeration membrane bioreactor,IAMBR) was used to treat pig biogas. The effects of IAMBR on the removal of antibiotics in wastewater and the accumulation of antibiotics in sludge were compared under different operating conditions of HRT,SRT and C / N, and the main removal routes and removal ratio of antibiotics were explained by mass balance calculation. The shaking flask test was used to analyze the influence of antibiotic contaminated activated sludge on the degradation of TOC, ammonia nitrogen. The results showed that the optimized SPE-HPLC/MS/MS method had low detection limit and high sensitivity, and could simultaneously detect the water phase of pig biogas liquid. Eleven kinds of veterinary antibiotics were found in sludge phase, HRT was the main factor affecting the removal of antibiotics in water phase by changing the organic load, and SRT, / C / N ratio was not an important factor in the removal of antibiotics in water phase. The accumulation concentration of tetracycline and sulfanilamide antibiotics in sludge increased with the prolongation of SRT, the content and composition of antibiotics in sludge were greatly affected by influent, and tetracycline was mainly removed by adsorption and degradation. The removal of sulfanilamides mainly depends on the degradation, but the activated sludge has no obvious effect on the degradation of TOC, ammonia nitrogen under the current antibiotic pollution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X713
本文編號：2274213
[Abstract]:Veterinary antibiotics are widely used in the field of animal husbandry because of their dual functions of preventing and curing diseases and promoting growth. However, the phenomenon of extensive use and even abuse of antibiotics is very serious at present, which makes the residue of antibiotics in livestock meat and egg products exceed the standard. Only 30% of the antibiotics entered into the organism were used, and the rest of the antibiotics entered the surrounding water body, soil and other environmental media with excreta. Compared with other pollutants, the content of antibiotics is lower. However, because antibiotics are exposed for a long time, the characteristics of difficult biodegradation will cause potential environmental risks to water, soil and organisms. Wastewater containing antibiotics is usually treated by conventional processes such as activated carbon adsorption, membrane filtration, conventional activated sludge (conventional activated sludge,CAS) and membrane biological process (membrane bioreactor,MBR). Activated carbon and membrane filtration methods can not really decompose antibiotics in the environment. The removal effect of antibiotics by conventional activated sludge process is general. Membrane biofilm process is the combination of membrane separation technology and biological treatment technology. By separate control of HRT (hydraulic retention time,HRT) and sludge residence time (sludge residence time,SRT), longer sludge age and longer generation bacteria can be obtained. It has better removal effect on antibiotics. The downstream region of Yangtze River Delta is an important pig breeding base, which is polluted by both aquaculture and upstream drainage, resulting in poor water quality. At present, there is no research report on the removal of veterinary antibiotics by membrane biological method in China, nor has there been any research results on the removal pathway of antibiotics. In this paper, the removal characteristics of animal antibiotics in pig biogas liquid by intermittent membrane bioreactor were studied. The following works were carried out: for the four kinds of 11 kinds of animal antibiotics (tetracycline) commonly used in large pig farms in the Yangtze River Delta region, Sulfonamides, Quinolones and macrolides), a solid-phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry,SPE-HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous treatment of antibiotics in wastewater and sludge, and an intermittent aerated membrane bioreactor (intermittent aeration membrane bioreactor,IAMBR) was used to treat pig biogas. The effects of IAMBR on the removal of antibiotics in wastewater and the accumulation of antibiotics in sludge were compared under different operating conditions of HRT,SRT and C / N, and the main removal routes and removal ratio of antibiotics were explained by mass balance calculation. The shaking flask test was used to analyze the influence of antibiotic contaminated activated sludge on the degradation of TOC, ammonia nitrogen. The results showed that the optimized SPE-HPLC/MS/MS method had low detection limit and high sensitivity, and could simultaneously detect the water phase of pig biogas liquid. Eleven kinds of veterinary antibiotics were found in sludge phase, HRT was the main factor affecting the removal of antibiotics in water phase by changing the organic load, and SRT, / C / N ratio was not an important factor in the removal of antibiotics in water phase. The accumulation concentration of tetracycline and sulfanilamide antibiotics in sludge increased with the prolongation of SRT, the content and composition of antibiotics in sludge were greatly affected by influent, and tetracycline was mainly removed by adsorption and degradation. The removal of sulfanilamides mainly depends on the degradation, but the activated sludge has no obvious effect on the degradation of TOC, ammonia nitrogen under the current antibiotic pollution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X713
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