芝麻與蓖麻對土壤重金屬的吸收積累特性、修復(fù)潛力及提油后粕餅的脫毒研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-15 16:17
【摘要】：在湖南郴州尾礦區(qū)污染嚴(yán)重的廢棄農(nóng)田,選取三種油料作物油菜、芝麻和蓖麻為研究對象,對比三種油料作物對土壤中重金屬(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As和Hg)的吸收積累能力,計(jì)算油菜-芝麻輪作模式對重金屬污染土壤的修復(fù)潛力；研究五種有機(jī)溶劑(正己烷、石油醚、丙酮、異丙醇和氯仿)對蓖麻籽的提油效果,分析確定一種最優(yōu)的提油溶劑；分析三種有機(jī)鹽溶液(檸檬酸鉀、酒石酸鉀、EDTA銨鹽)對提油后蓖麻粕中重金屬的去除效果。研究結(jié)果如下：(1)各重金屬在作物各組織部位中的積累分別存在明顯的差異。其中,Cu、Zn、Cd和Hg主要積累在油菜的葉中,而Pb和As主要積累在地下部分的根中。芝麻中Zn、 Pb和Cd主要集中在根中,其次是葉；而Cu、As和Hg則剛好相反,主要積累在葉中,其次是根。幾種重金屬和As在蓖麻中的積累分布都表現(xiàn)為地下部分根中的含量遠(yuǎn)高于地上部分,其次是葉。油菜除了對地上部分葉對Hg的富集能力最強(qiáng),對其他重金屬的富集能力都較弱；芝麻和蓖麻對Cu和Cd都表現(xiàn)出很好的富集能力,尤其是芝麻地上部分葉和地下部分根對Cu和Cd的富集系數(shù)都大于1。(2)本研究利用油菜-芝麻輪作模式,雖然兩種油料作物各部分中重金屬的濃度遠(yuǎn)不如超富集植物那么高,但是其總的干物質(zhì)量能夠達(dá)到800-1000kg/畝,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于超富集植物的生物量,從而使得它們能夠有效的提取土壤中的重金屬。油菜和芝麻對各種重金屬的富集能力又不一樣,這樣兩者輪作可以起到一個(gè)互補(bǔ)的作用,使得這樣的輪作模式非常適用于重金屬復(fù)合污染的農(nóng)田土壤。(3)五種不同的有機(jī)溶劑所提取出的蓖麻油,提油率最高的是氯仿,高達(dá)33.74%,其次是丙酮31.05%。并且從安全角度來考慮,選擇氯仿對蓖麻油進(jìn)行提取是最好的選擇。由于在蓖麻油中未檢測出Cd和Hg,且能檢測出的重金屬中,重金屬的含量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于蓖麻果皮中的濃度,因此認(rèn)為大量的重金屬任然存在于蓖麻粕中。(4)對比三種萃取劑對蓖麻粕的脫毒,在只浸提一次的情況下,整體脫毒效果最好的是EDTA銨鹽,且隨著萃取劑濃度的提高,脫毒效果越好。在30 mmol/L時(shí),EDTA銨鹽對Zn的去除率達(dá)到了77.480%,同時(shí)Cu的去除率達(dá)到了76.212%,Pb的去除率達(dá)到了58.581%,Cd的去除率達(dá)到了60.217%,相對于檸檬酸鉀和酒石酸鉀來說,其脫毒效果是比較好的。但是酒石酸鉀對Cd的脫毒效果是三種萃取劑中最高的,只去除Cd時(shí),酒石酸鉀是很好的選擇。檸檬酸鉀在各個(gè)方面相對于這兩個(gè)萃取劑都沒有特別明顯的優(yōu)勢。(5)在連續(xù)三次浸取30mmol/L的萃取劑的情況下,對蓖麻粕的綜合脫毒效果最好的是EDTA銨鹽,EDTA銨鹽對Zn的去除率達(dá)到了97.720%,同時(shí)Cu的去除率達(dá)到了90.206%,Pb的去除率達(dá)到了80.553%,Cd的去除率達(dá)到了85.478%,As的去除率達(dá)到了63.990%,相較于檸檬酸鉀和酒石酸鉀,綜合脫毒效果最好。其次是酒石酸鉀對Cd的脫毒效果達(dá)到了最高的94.282%,如果只是單獨(dú)的對Cd的進(jìn)行脫毒,可以優(yōu)先考慮酒石酸鉀。
[Abstract]:In order to study the absorption and accumulation of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Hg) in soil, three types of oilseed rape, sesame and rape were selected as the research object. To evaluate the effect of five organic solvents (n-hexane, petroleum ether, acetone, isopropanol and chloroform) on the recovery potential of heavy metal contaminated soil, and to determine an optimal extraction solvent. The effect of three kinds of organic salt solution (potassium citrate, potassium tartrate, EDTA disodium hydrogen phosphate) on the removal of heavy metals in rapeseed meal after extraction was analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) The accumulation of heavy metals in each tissue site of crops has obvious difference. Among them, Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg are mainly accumulated in the leaves of rape, while Pb and As are mainly accumulated in the roots of the underground part. Zn, Pb and Cd in sesame are mainly concentrated in roots, followed by leaves; while Cu, As and Hg are just opposite, mainly in leaves, followed by roots. The accumulation and distribution of several heavy metals and As in the soil is much higher than that in the upper part of the ground, followed by the leaves. In addition to the strongest enrichment ability of the leaves on the ground, the enrichment ability of the other heavy metals is weak; both the sesame and the Cd show good enrichment ability for Cu and Cd, especially the enrichment coefficient of Cu and Cd is greater than 1 on the upper part of the sesame and the root of the underground part. (2) Although the concentration of heavy metals in each part of the two oil crops is not as high as that of super-enriched plants, the total dry yield can reach 800-1000kg/ mu, which is much larger than that of super-enriched plants. so that they can effectively extract heavy metals from the soil. The enrichment ability of rape and sesame to various heavy metals is different, so that the rotation of both can play a complementary role, so that the rotation mode is very suitable for farmland soil with heavy metal composite pollution. (3) Five different organic solvents extracted from the organic solvent, the highest oil extraction rate was chloroform, high to 33. 74%, followed by acetone 31. 05%. and it is the best choice to select chloroform for extraction from a safety standpoint. Since Cd and Hg are not detected in the cottonseed oil, and the content of heavy metals in the detected heavy metals is much smaller than the concentration in the citrus peel, a large amount of heavy metals are considered to be present in the sunflower meal. (4) Compared with the three extraction agents, the detoxication of three kinds of extraction agents is the best in the case of leaching only once, and the better the detoxification effect with the increase of the concentration of the extractant. When 30mmol/ L, the removal rate of Zn was 77. 480%, and the removal rate of Cu reached 76. 212%, the removal rate of Pb reached 58. 581%, the removal rate of Cd reached 60. 217%, and the detoxification effect was better for potassium citrate and potassium tartrate. However, the detoxification effect of potassium tartrate on Cd is the highest in three extractants, and the potassium tartrate is a good choice when Cd is removed. Potassium citrate has no particular advantage over all aspects with respect to both extractants. (5) In the case of three consecutive leaching of 30mmol/ L extractant, the removal rate of Zn was 97.0%, and the removal rate of Cu reached 90. 206%, and the removal rate of Pb was up to 85.3%, and the removal rate of Cd reached 85. 478%. As the removal rate of As was 63. 990%, the phase was better than potassium citrate and potassium tartrate. Second, the detoxification effect of potassium tartrate on Cd reached the highest 94. 282%, and if it was only a separate detoxification of Cd, potassium tartrate was preferentially taken into account.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53
本文編號：2273085
[Abstract]:In order to study the absorption and accumulation of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Hg) in soil, three types of oilseed rape, sesame and rape were selected as the research object. To evaluate the effect of five organic solvents (n-hexane, petroleum ether, acetone, isopropanol and chloroform) on the recovery potential of heavy metal contaminated soil, and to determine an optimal extraction solvent. The effect of three kinds of organic salt solution (potassium citrate, potassium tartrate, EDTA disodium hydrogen phosphate) on the removal of heavy metals in rapeseed meal after extraction was analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) The accumulation of heavy metals in each tissue site of crops has obvious difference. Among them, Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg are mainly accumulated in the leaves of rape, while Pb and As are mainly accumulated in the roots of the underground part. Zn, Pb and Cd in sesame are mainly concentrated in roots, followed by leaves; while Cu, As and Hg are just opposite, mainly in leaves, followed by roots. The accumulation and distribution of several heavy metals and As in the soil is much higher than that in the upper part of the ground, followed by the leaves. In addition to the strongest enrichment ability of the leaves on the ground, the enrichment ability of the other heavy metals is weak; both the sesame and the Cd show good enrichment ability for Cu and Cd, especially the enrichment coefficient of Cu and Cd is greater than 1 on the upper part of the sesame and the root of the underground part. (2) Although the concentration of heavy metals in each part of the two oil crops is not as high as that of super-enriched plants, the total dry yield can reach 800-1000kg/ mu, which is much larger than that of super-enriched plants. so that they can effectively extract heavy metals from the soil. The enrichment ability of rape and sesame to various heavy metals is different, so that the rotation of both can play a complementary role, so that the rotation mode is very suitable for farmland soil with heavy metal composite pollution. (3) Five different organic solvents extracted from the organic solvent, the highest oil extraction rate was chloroform, high to 33. 74%, followed by acetone 31. 05%. and it is the best choice to select chloroform for extraction from a safety standpoint. Since Cd and Hg are not detected in the cottonseed oil, and the content of heavy metals in the detected heavy metals is much smaller than the concentration in the citrus peel, a large amount of heavy metals are considered to be present in the sunflower meal. (4) Compared with the three extraction agents, the detoxication of three kinds of extraction agents is the best in the case of leaching only once, and the better the detoxification effect with the increase of the concentration of the extractant. When 30mmol/ L, the removal rate of Zn was 77. 480%, and the removal rate of Cu reached 76. 212%, the removal rate of Pb reached 58. 581%, the removal rate of Cd reached 60. 217%, and the detoxification effect was better for potassium citrate and potassium tartrate. However, the detoxification effect of potassium tartrate on Cd is the highest in three extractants, and the potassium tartrate is a good choice when Cd is removed. Potassium citrate has no particular advantage over all aspects with respect to both extractants. (5) In the case of three consecutive leaching of 30mmol/ L extractant, the removal rate of Zn was 97.0%, and the removal rate of Cu reached 90. 206%, and the removal rate of Pb was up to 85.3%, and the removal rate of Cd reached 85. 478%. As the removal rate of As was 63. 990%, the phase was better than potassium citrate and potassium tartrate. Second, the detoxification effect of potassium tartrate on Cd reached the highest 94. 282%, and if it was only a separate detoxification of Cd, potassium tartrate was preferentially taken into account.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53
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1 彭歆瓊;芝麻與蓖麻對土壤重金屬的吸收積累特性、修復(fù)潛力及提油后粕餅的脫毒研究[D];湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年
，本文編號：2273085
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