【摘要】：污泥是污水處理后的附屬品、是一種由有機殘片、細菌菌體、無機顆粒、膠體等組成的極其復雜的非均質(zhì)體。粉煤灰是燃煤電廠排放的固體廢棄物,如果處置不當,不僅會對環(huán)境造成二次污染,同時也是對資源的嚴重浪費。目前,我國粉煤灰的主要應用途徑是直接作為建筑材料或燒制陶粒用作建筑骨料。污泥處理主要包括衛(wèi)生填埋、土地利用、焚燒和污泥干化。將廢物利用制成的陶粒作為曝氣生物濾池進行污水處理成為近年來國內(nèi)外研究的熱點。而且加入電氣石的陶粒在污水處理中能有效促進微生物活性,提高反應器啟動時間。因此,研究開發(fā)污泥摻量大、能夠滿足曝氣生物濾池要求的陶粒勢在必行。本文以污泥和粉煤灰為主要原料,添加電氣石作為催化劑,經(jīng)混合、成球、高溫燒制等過程制備陶粒濾料,分別考察了燒制溫度、恒溫時間和原料配比(電氣石含量)對陶粒性能的影響,確定了制備陶粒的最佳工藝條件;之后,將按照最佳工藝條件制得的陶粒應用于曝氣生物濾池反應器,進行處理生活污水的小試研究,通過考察污染物的去除效果,研究了電氣石陶粒濾料在廢水生物處理中的應用性能。按照國家標準《水處理人工陶粒濾料》(CJ/T299-2008),以密度、堆積密度、表觀密度、比表面積、空隙率、含泥量、鹽酸可溶率、破碎率與磨損率之和等為評價陶粒性能的指標,通過單因素試驗研究,確定制備電氣石陶粒的最佳工藝條件為:燒制溫度1050℃,恒溫時間10min,原料中污泥含量50%。在最佳工藝條件下制得陶粒的各項指標為:密度2.1273g/cm3,堆積密度0.9886g/cm3,表觀密度1.6927g/cm3,比表面積1.6012×104cm2/g,空隙率42.13%,含泥量0.25%,鹽酸可溶率1.46%,破碎率與磨損率之和2.96%。制成陶粒表面粗糙,孔隙結(jié)構豐富且大孔數(shù)量較多,利于微生物的附著生長,是一種優(yōu)良的微生物載體。將最佳工藝條件下制得的電氣石陶粒和對照組用作曝氣生物濾池的濾料,處理城市生活污水。反應器采用接種掛膜的方法進行啟動,啟動時間為8d。分別考察了啟動期間和穩(wěn)定運行期間曝氣生物濾池反應器對COD、NH3-N、總磷、SS的去除效果。在啟動期間,隨著運行時間的延長,反應器出水COD不斷減小,去除率逐步升高;出水總磷增大,去除率減小;出水NH3-N濃度減小,去除率升高,之后趨于穩(wěn)定。最后,對比了電氣石陶粒和對照陶粒的物理性能及在廢水生物處理中的應用性能。之后對電氣石陶粒進行效益分析,利用熱電廠廢熱燒制,節(jié)約能源,大大降低成本。分析表明,以污泥、粉煤灰和電氣石為原料制備陶粒能夠取得良好的經(jīng)濟效益、社會效益和環(huán)境效益。
[Abstract]:Sludge is an adjunct after sewage treatment. It is an extremely complex heterogeneous body composed of organic debris, bacteria, inorganic particles, colloids and so on. Fly ash is a solid waste discharged from coal-fired power plants. If it is not disposed properly, it will not only cause secondary pollution to the environment, but also a serious waste of resources. At present, the main application way of fly ash in China is as building material or fired ceramsite as building aggregate. Sludge treatment mainly includes sanitary landfill, land use, incineration and sludge drying. It has become a hot spot in recent years to treat waste water by using ceramsite as biological aerated filter. In addition, the addition of tourmaline ceramsite can effectively promote the microbial activity and improve the start-up time of the reactor in wastewater treatment. Therefore, it is imperative to develop ceramsite which can meet the requirements of biological aerated filter. In this paper, ceramic filter material was prepared from sludge and fly ash with tourmaline as catalyst. The effect of the constant temperature time and the ratio of raw materials (tourmaline content) on the properties of ceramsite was determined, and the optimum process conditions for the preparation of ceramsite were determined. After that, the ceramsite prepared according to the optimum technological conditions was used in the aerated biofilter reactor. The application performance of tourmaline ceramsite filter material in biological treatment of wastewater was studied by investigating the removal effect of pollutants. According to the national standard "Water treatment artificial Ceramsite filter material" (CJ/T299-2008), density, packing density, apparent density, specific surface area, void rate, mud content, hydrochloric acid soluble rate, crushing rate and wear rate are taken as indicators to evaluate the properties of ceramsite. The optimum technological conditions for preparing tourmaline ceramsite were determined by single factor experiment: firing temperature 1050 鈩，

本文編號：2268681