【摘要】：我國電廠主要以燃煤為主,煤的燃燒會產(chǎn)生SO2、NOX、CO、VOC(揮發(fā)性有機化合物)、炭顆粒和塵灰等這些空氣污染物和固體廢物。其中SO2是酸雨和硫酸煙霧的前體物,NOx則在大氣中引起光化學(xué)煙霧,若SO2和NOx得不到有效地控制,其對環(huán)境將會帶來巨大的危害,不利于我國經(jīng)濟的健康發(fā)展。目前我國燃煤電廠脫硫脫硝技術(shù)存在投資大、運行維修費用昂貴等缺點,因此研究一種低成本、高效無二次污染的煙氣污染物控制技術(shù)成為了一項重要的課題。微波輻照活性炭同時脫硫脫硝技術(shù)將SO2和NOx還原成為對環(huán)境無害的單質(zhì)硫及氮氣,是一種高效的脫硫脫硝一體化技術(shù)。本論文通過實驗研究了微波輻照過程中氧氣對活性炭理化特性的影響及微波輻照活性炭脫硫脫硝過程中副產(chǎn)物CO生成機理。結(jié)果顯示,煙氣中氧氣加速了活性炭的質(zhì)量損失,在氧含量為2-4.5%活性炭損耗率增加最快;氧氣與活性炭發(fā)生燒損,破壞了孔結(jié)構(gòu),活性炭的比表面積減小,活性炭表面堿性基團含量降低,酸性基團含量則有所增加,煙氣中氧氣促進了活性炭對SO2和NO的還原效率,SO2還原效率由95.3%增高至100%,NO還原效率則由81.5%增高至96.8%;活性炭吸附SO2、NO實驗表明隨微波再生次數(shù)、煙氣流速的增加,活性炭對SO2和NO吸附性能逐漸降低,煙氣中O2、水蒸汽、則對活性炭吸附SO2和NO有促進作用;微波輻照解吸還原實驗表面,CO生成量隨著微波功率、輻照時間、吸附容量、氧含量、CO2含量的升高而升高,而煙氣中水蒸汽則抑制了CO的生成;微波輻照活性炭還原SO2和NO動力學(xué)計算得到活性炭還原SO2生成CO的活化能為28.31kJ/mol,還原NO生成CO的活化能則為16.24kJ/mol。此外,本論文還針對微波非連續(xù)輻照活性炭同時脫硫脫硝的工業(yè)化應(yīng)用進行了計算,對其理論可行性、經(jīng)濟可行性和環(huán)境效益進行了分析。
[Abstract]:Coal combustion will produce SO2,NOX,CO,VOC (volatile organic compounds), carbon particles, dust and other air pollutants and solid waste in power plants in China. SO2 is the precursor of acid rain and sulfuric acid smoke, and NOx causes photochemical smog in the atmosphere. If SO2 and NOx are not effectively controlled, it will bring great harm to the environment and is not conducive to the healthy development of our economy. At present, the technology of desulfurization and denitrification in coal-fired power plants in our country has many disadvantages, such as large investment, high cost of operation and maintenance, and so on. Therefore, it has become an important subject to study a kind of low cost, high efficiency and no secondary pollution control technology of flue gas pollutants. The technology of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification of activated carbon irradiated by microwave has reduced SO2 and NOx to simple sulfur and nitrogen which is not harmful to the environment. It is a highly efficient technology of desulfurization and denitrification. In this paper, the effects of oxygen on the physical and chemical properties of activated carbon during microwave irradiation and the formation mechanism of by-product CO in the process of desulfurization and denitrification of activated carbon under microwave irradiation were studied experimentally. The results showed that oxygen accelerated the mass loss of activated carbon, and the loss rate of activated carbon increased fastest when oxygen content was 2-4.5%, oxygen and activated carbon were burned out, the pore structure was destroyed, and the specific surface area of activated carbon decreased. The content of basic group on activated carbon surface decreased, while the content of acidic group increased. Oxygen in flue gas promoted the reduction efficiency of SO2 and NO by activated carbon, and the reduction efficiency of SO2 increased from 95.3% to 100%. The reduction efficiency of no increased from 81.5% to 96.8.The adsorption of SO2,NO on activated carbon showed that the flow rate of flue gas increased with the number of times of microwave regeneration. The adsorbability of activated carbon to SO2 and NO decreases gradually, and O _ 2 and water vapor in flue gas can promote the adsorption of SO2 and NO by activated carbon. The amount of CO produced by microwave irradiation desorption and reduction experiment surface is dependent on microwave power, irradiation time and adsorption capacity. With the increase of oxygen content and CO2 content, the formation of CO was inhibited by water vapor in flue gas, the activation energy of active carbon reducing SO2 to CO was 28.31kJ / mol, and that of reducing NO to CO was 16.24kJ / mol. In addition, the industrial application of simultaneous desulphurization and denitrification by microwave discontinuous irradiation activated carbon was calculated, and its theoretical feasibility, economic feasibility and environmental benefit were analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X773

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