上海市沉積物中多溴二苯醚和有機(jī)磷酸酯的污染特征研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-12 19:15
【摘要】：多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)是一種在環(huán)境中廣泛存在的持久性有機(jī)污染物(POPs)。有機(jī)磷酸酯(OPEs)作為一種替代品阻燃劑不斷向環(huán)境中擴(kuò)散,環(huán)境介質(zhì)中普遍存在PBDEs和OPEs的污染。本文對(duì)上海市河流和長(zhǎng)江口的116個(gè)沉積物樣品中的PBDEs和OPEs的污染水平、空間分布、組成特征、可能的污染源和潛在的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究,為PBDEs和OPEs的污染控制和治理提供科學(xué)依據(jù),主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.上海河流和長(zhǎng)江口沉積物中Σ51BDEs(不含BDE209)為0.205 119 ng g-1dw,平均濃度為7.19 ng g-1 dw;BDE209的濃度水平為nd 189 ng g-1 dw,平均濃度為13.2 ng g-1 dw。河流沉積物中相對(duì)含量最高的同系物為BDE118、207、208、99、49、75、47、71和209,其濃度中值分別為1.67、1.81、1.83、1.87、1.98、2.52、2.73、4.62和45.7 ng g-1 dw。長(zhǎng)江口沉積物的Σ51BDEs(不含BDE209)為0.071 62.8 ng g-1 dw,平均濃度為4.90 ng g-1 dw;BDE209的濃度水平為nd 609 ng g-1 dw,平均濃度為17.0 ng g-1 dw。長(zhǎng)江口沉積物樣品中主要同類(lèi)物是BDE15、47、71、75、99、118、207、208和209,其濃度中值分別為0.023、0.053、0.055、0.028、0.028、0.094、0.062、0.056和0.785 ng g-1 dw。河流沉積物的高濃度點(diǎn)集中分布在黃浦江;長(zhǎng)江口沉積物的高濃度點(diǎn)集中分布于上游。2.利用對(duì)應(yīng)分析把上海河流沉積物樣品中PBDE同族體分為5類(lèi),利用主成分分析和聚類(lèi)分析把長(zhǎng)江口沉積物樣品分為3類(lèi)。上海河流和長(zhǎng)江口沉積物中的PBDEs組成成分以BDE209為主,沉積物中PBDEs主要來(lái)源于工業(yè)品BDEs、燃燒源和高溴代二苯醚降解。3.上海河流沉積物中Σ11OPEs的含量為62 280 000 ng kg-1 dw。長(zhǎng)江口沉積物Σ11OPEs的含量為216 87 500 ng kg-1 dw。組成特征分析表明,上海河流和長(zhǎng)江口沉積物中以TBEP為主要污染物質(zhì),其次是TCEP。此外,烷基磷酸酯相對(duì)組成最高,其次是氯代磷酸酯,芳基磷酸酯含量最低。4.PBDEs及OPEs與TOC的相關(guān)性分析表明,上海河流樣品中的TOC與Σ52BDEs的濃度顯著相關(guān)(p0.05),PBDEs同族體與TOC之間存在弱相關(guān)性(r0.32),表明TOC對(duì)上海河流沉積物中的PBDEs的遷移和分布有一點(diǎn)影響。而長(zhǎng)江口樣品中的TOC與Σ52PBDEs的濃度無(wú)顯著相關(guān)(p0.6),PBDEs同族體與TOC之間存在弱相關(guān)性(r0.18),表明TOC對(duì)上海河流沉積物中的PBDEs的遷移和分布有一點(diǎn)影響。上海河流樣品中的TOC與Σ11OPEs的濃度顯著相關(guān)(p0.01),除了TCP和TPP,其他OPEs與TOC之間顯著相關(guān)(p0.05),長(zhǎng)江口樣品中的TOC與Σ11OPEs的濃度顯著相關(guān)(p0.01),表明TOC是沉積物中的OPEs的遷移和分布的主要影響因素。5.根據(jù)加拿大環(huán)保局沉積物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(FSe QGs)計(jì)算PBDEs的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)商(RQ),結(jié)果表明PBDEs對(duì)沉積物中底棲動(dòng)物有較高的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。參考美國(guó)的Tri-service Procedural Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessments指導(dǎo)文件,采用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)商(RQ)評(píng)價(jià)沉積物中OPEs生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),37.3%的上海河流沉積物采樣點(diǎn)的ΣRQs值在1.0-10之間。17.0%的長(zhǎng)江口沉積物中采樣點(diǎn)的ΣRQs值在1.0-10之間,表示存在較小潛在不利影響。
[Abstract]:Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs) is a widespread persistent organic pollutant (POPs).) in the environment. As a substitute for flame retardants, organophosphate (OPEs) has been continuously diffused into the environment, and the pollution of PBDEs and OPEs is widespread in the environmental media. In this paper, the pollution level, spatial distribution, composition, possible pollution sources and potential ecological risks of PBDEs and OPEs in 116 sediment samples from rivers and estuaries in Shanghai were systematically studied. To provide scientific basis for PBDEs and OPEs pollution control and control, the main results are as follows: 1. The 危 51BDEs (excluding BDE209) in the sediments of Shanghai River and Changjiang Estuary is 0.205 ng g -1 dw, and the average concentration is 7.19 ng g -1 dw;BDE209. The average ng g -1 dw, concentration is 13 2 ng g -1 dw.. The highest relative concentrations in river sediments were BDE118,207,208,99,49,75,47,71 and 209, the median concentration of which was 1.67N1.81C 1.83C 1.87U 1.98U 2.73C 4.62 and 45.7 ng g-1 dw., respectively. The 危 51BDEs (excluding BDE209) of sediments in Changjiang Estuary is 0.071 ~ 62.8 ng g ~ (-1) dw, mean concentration is 4.90 ng g ~ (-1) dw;BDE209 concentration level is nd ~ 609 ng g ~ (-1) dw, mean concentration is 17.0 ng g ~ (-1) dw.. The main congeners in sediment samples from the Changjiang Estuary are BDE15,47,71,75,99118207208 and 209, the median concentrations of which are 0.023, 0.053, 0.055, 0.028, 0.028, 0.094, 0.062, 0.056, and 0.785 ng g ~ (-1) dw., respectively. The high concentration point of river sediment is concentrated in Huangpu River, and the high concentration point of Yangtze River Estuary is concentrated in upstream. 2. The PBDE congeners in Shanghai river sediment samples are divided into five groups by correspondence analysis, and three types by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. BDE209 is the main component of PBDEs in the sediments of Shanghai River and Changjiang Estuary, and PBDEs in the sediments is mainly derived from commercial BDEs, combustion source and degradation of high brominated diphenyl ether (HBDE). The 危 11OPEs content in the sediments of rivers in Shanghai is 62 ~ 280,000 ng kg-1 dw.. The 危 11OPEs content in sediments of the Changjiang Estuary is 216,87500 ng kg-1 dw.. The composition analysis shows that TBEP is the main pollutant in the sediments of Shanghai River and Changjiang Estuary, followed by TCEP.. In addition, the relative composition of alkyl phosphate was the highest, followed by chlorophosphate, and the content of aryl phosphate was the lowest. The correlation analysis of 4.PBDEs, OPEs and TOC showed that, There was a significant correlation between the concentrations of TOC and 危 52BDEs in Shanghai river samples (p 0. 05), PBDEs congeners) and TOC (r 0. 32), indicating that TOC had a little effect on the transport and distribution of PBDEs in Shanghai river sediments. However, there was no significant correlation between the concentrations of TOC and 危 52PBDEs in the Changjiang Estuary (r 0.18), which indicated that TOC had a little effect on the transport and distribution of PBDEs in Shanghai river sediments. There was a significant correlation between TOC and 危 11OPEs concentration in Shanghai river samples (p0.01), significant correlation between OPEs and TOC in addition to TCP and TPP, (p0.05), and significant correlation between TOC and 危 11OPEs concentrations in Changjiang Estuary (p0.01), indicating that TOC is the migration and distribution of OPEs in sediments. Main influencing factors. 5. The results of PBDEs risk quotient (RQ),) calculated according to the standard (FSe QGs) of sediment of the Canadian Environmental Protection Agency showed that PBDEs had a high ecological risk to benthic fauna in sediments. With reference to the Tri-service Procedural Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessments guidance document of the United States, risk quotient (RQ) was used to evaluate the ecological risk of OPEs in sediments. The 危 RQs values of 37.3% of the sampling sites of Shanghai river sediments ranged from 1.0-10. The 危 RQs values of the sampling sites in the Yangtze Estuary sediments ranged from 1.0-10 in 17.0% of the Yangtze Estuary sediments. Indicates a minor potential adverse effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X52
本文編號(hào)：2267295
[Abstract]:Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs) is a widespread persistent organic pollutant (POPs).) in the environment. As a substitute for flame retardants, organophosphate (OPEs) has been continuously diffused into the environment, and the pollution of PBDEs and OPEs is widespread in the environmental media. In this paper, the pollution level, spatial distribution, composition, possible pollution sources and potential ecological risks of PBDEs and OPEs in 116 sediment samples from rivers and estuaries in Shanghai were systematically studied. To provide scientific basis for PBDEs and OPEs pollution control and control, the main results are as follows: 1. The 危 51BDEs (excluding BDE209) in the sediments of Shanghai River and Changjiang Estuary is 0.205 ng g -1 dw, and the average concentration is 7.19 ng g -1 dw;BDE209. The average ng g -1 dw, concentration is 13 2 ng g -1 dw.. The highest relative concentrations in river sediments were BDE118,207,208,99,49,75,47,71 and 209, the median concentration of which was 1.67N1.81C 1.83C 1.87U 1.98U 2.73C 4.62 and 45.7 ng g-1 dw., respectively. The 危 51BDEs (excluding BDE209) of sediments in Changjiang Estuary is 0.071 ~ 62.8 ng g ~ (-1) dw, mean concentration is 4.90 ng g ~ (-1) dw;BDE209 concentration level is nd ~ 609 ng g ~ (-1) dw, mean concentration is 17.0 ng g ~ (-1) dw.. The main congeners in sediment samples from the Changjiang Estuary are BDE15,47,71,75,99118207208 and 209, the median concentrations of which are 0.023, 0.053, 0.055, 0.028, 0.028, 0.094, 0.062, 0.056, and 0.785 ng g ~ (-1) dw., respectively. The high concentration point of river sediment is concentrated in Huangpu River, and the high concentration point of Yangtze River Estuary is concentrated in upstream. 2. The PBDE congeners in Shanghai river sediment samples are divided into five groups by correspondence analysis, and three types by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. BDE209 is the main component of PBDEs in the sediments of Shanghai River and Changjiang Estuary, and PBDEs in the sediments is mainly derived from commercial BDEs, combustion source and degradation of high brominated diphenyl ether (HBDE). The 危 11OPEs content in the sediments of rivers in Shanghai is 62 ~ 280,000 ng kg-1 dw.. The 危 11OPEs content in sediments of the Changjiang Estuary is 216,87500 ng kg-1 dw.. The composition analysis shows that TBEP is the main pollutant in the sediments of Shanghai River and Changjiang Estuary, followed by TCEP.. In addition, the relative composition of alkyl phosphate was the highest, followed by chlorophosphate, and the content of aryl phosphate was the lowest. The correlation analysis of 4.PBDEs, OPEs and TOC showed that, There was a significant correlation between the concentrations of TOC and 危 52BDEs in Shanghai river samples (p 0. 05), PBDEs congeners) and TOC (r 0. 32), indicating that TOC had a little effect on the transport and distribution of PBDEs in Shanghai river sediments. However, there was no significant correlation between the concentrations of TOC and 危 52PBDEs in the Changjiang Estuary (r 0.18), which indicated that TOC had a little effect on the transport and distribution of PBDEs in Shanghai river sediments. There was a significant correlation between TOC and 危 11OPEs concentration in Shanghai river samples (p0.01), significant correlation between OPEs and TOC in addition to TCP and TPP, (p0.05), and significant correlation between TOC and 危 11OPEs concentrations in Changjiang Estuary (p0.01), indicating that TOC is the migration and distribution of OPEs in sediments. Main influencing factors. 5. The results of PBDEs risk quotient (RQ),) calculated according to the standard (FSe QGs) of sediment of the Canadian Environmental Protection Agency showed that PBDEs had a high ecological risk to benthic fauna in sediments. With reference to the Tri-service Procedural Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessments guidance document of the United States, risk quotient (RQ) was used to evaluate the ecological risk of OPEs in sediments. The 危 RQs values of 37.3% of the sampling sites of Shanghai river sediments ranged from 1.0-10. The 危 RQs values of the sampling sites in the Yangtze Estuary sediments ranged from 1.0-10 in 17.0% of the Yangtze Estuary sediments. Indicates a minor potential adverse effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X52
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