發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-12 12:30

【摘要】：自然環(huán)境的保護(hù)是人類日常生活和發(fā)展進(jìn)步的先決條件,如今海洋污染程度逐日加重,海洋污染不僅會(huì)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展造成阻礙,還會(huì)對(duì)人類的生活環(huán)境造成很大的破壞。近年來,由海洋污染引發(fā)的安全問題大大增多,逐漸成為人類不可忽略的問題。我國海岸線較長(zhǎng),海洋資源比較豐富,雖然利于我國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展但海洋污染造成的安全問題也給國家?guī)砹顺林氐呢?fù)擔(dān),如果能夠及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)污染,并做出預(yù)警和處理,可將海洋污染引發(fā)的安全問題有效遏制在萌芽階段,大大減少安全問題的發(fā)生。與國外發(fā)展成熟的海洋監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)相比,我國的海洋監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)相對(duì)落后,并且在理念、管理與技術(shù)方面存在很多的不足與缺陷。因此本文設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)工作范圍在2千米,能夠自主導(dǎo)航、自主采集監(jiān)測(cè)并實(shí)時(shí)與岸基站通訊的近海移動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)平臺(tái),可實(shí)現(xiàn)監(jiān)測(cè)的現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化,對(duì)相關(guān)部門的管理與監(jiān)測(cè)提供了方便與可能。監(jiān)測(cè)平臺(tái)的設(shè)計(jì)集合多種技術(shù),具備完全自動(dòng)化、自由度大、可升級(jí)并可實(shí)時(shí)與岸基站通訊等優(yōu)勢(shì),比傳統(tǒng)監(jiān)測(cè)方法減少了人力資源、降低了由人工操作引起的安全隱患并且相對(duì)的成本較低。該平臺(tái)自帶能源,并配備太陽能清潔能源可對(duì)自帶能源進(jìn)行充電,還能切換成太陽能供電模式。監(jiān)測(cè)平臺(tái)船體是采用不銹鋼建造而成的自制單體船,并配有兩個(gè)螺旋槳進(jìn)行推動(dòng),平臺(tái)還載有自制的監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng),其包含四種水質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)傳感器對(duì)所需水質(zhì)參數(shù)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè),配有自制的采集系統(tǒng)可以對(duì)指定水域水樣進(jìn)行采集,平臺(tái)選用NI公司的LabVIEW軟件對(duì)監(jiān)測(cè)平臺(tái)開發(fā)、測(cè)試與應(yīng)用。本文首先從工作環(huán)境和工作需求構(gòu)建監(jiān)測(cè)平臺(tái)的整體系統(tǒng),進(jìn)而對(duì)監(jiān)測(cè)平臺(tái)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和基本功能進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述。然后,從硬件設(shè)施和軟件設(shè)計(jì)兩個(gè)方面,具體構(gòu)建監(jiān)測(cè)平臺(tái)。其中,硬件設(shè)施主要分為導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng),動(dòng)力系統(tǒng),能源系統(tǒng),通訊系統(tǒng),采集檢測(cè)系統(tǒng),控制系統(tǒng)六大系統(tǒng),以此來實(shí)現(xiàn)平臺(tái)所需的功能。在硬件設(shè)施中,本文著重介紹了導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)、通訊系統(tǒng)與采集監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)。軟件設(shè)計(jì)從軟件系統(tǒng)流程切入,設(shè)計(jì)了簡(jiǎn)明易操作的界面,并對(duì)通訊、串口信息傳輸、GPS讀取等功能進(jìn)行編譯。最后對(duì)所設(shè)計(jì)的平臺(tái)進(jìn)行整合,多次測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn)表明該平臺(tái)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)六大系統(tǒng)的基本功能,尤其是導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)可完美實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:The protection of the natural environment is a prerequisite for the daily life and development of human beings. Nowadays, the degree of marine pollution is increasing day by day. The marine pollution will not only hinder the economic development, but also cause great damage to the living environment of human beings. In recent years, the safety problems caused by marine pollution have increased greatly, and gradually become a problem that can not be ignored by human beings. Our country has a relatively long coastline and abundant marine resources. Although it is conducive to the economic development of our country, the safety problems caused by marine pollution also bring a heavy burden to the country. If pollution can be detected in time, and early warning and treatment can be made, The safety problems caused by marine pollution can be effectively contained in the embryonic stage and the occurrence of safety problems can be greatly reduced. Compared with the mature marine monitoring technology developed abroad, China's marine monitoring technology is relatively backward, and there are many deficiencies and defects in concept, management and technology. Therefore, this paper designs an offshore mobile monitoring platform with work range of 2 km, autonomous navigation, autonomous acquisition and monitoring and real-time communication with the base station, which can realize the automation of monitoring. It provides convenience and possibility for the management and monitoring of relevant departments. The design of the monitoring platform has many advantages, such as complete automation, large degree of freedom, scalable and real-time communication with the shore base station, which reduces the human resources compared with the traditional monitoring method. It reduces the safety risk caused by manual operation and the relative cost is lower. The platform comes with its own energy and is equipped with clean solar energy to charge its own energy and switch to solar power supply mode. The hull of the monitoring platform is a self-made single ship built of stainless steel and is propelled by two propellers. The platform also carries a self-made monitoring system, which contains four water quality monitoring sensors to monitor the required water quality parameters in real time. A self-made collection system can be used to collect water samples in designated waters. The platform is developed, tested and applied by LabVIEW software of NI Company. In this paper, the whole system of monitoring platform is constructed from work environment and work demand, and then the basic structure and function of monitoring platform are described in detail. Then, the monitoring platform is built from two aspects of hardware and software design. The hardware facilities are mainly divided into six systems: navigation system, power system, energy system, communication system, acquisition and detection system, control system, so as to achieve the required functions of the platform. In the hardware, this paper mainly introduces the navigation system, communication system and acquisition and monitoring system. The software design starts from the software system flow, designs the simple and easy to operate interface, and compiles the functions of communication, serial port information transmission, GPS reading and so on. Finally, the platform is integrated, and many tests show that the platform can achieve the basic functions of the six systems, especially the navigation system can achieve the design goal perfectly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：X84

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