【摘要】：隨著我國城市工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展以及面源污染的加重,城市內(nèi)河流污染已經(jīng)成為嚴重的污染問題,部分城市內(nèi)河流甚至徹底淪為納污河。如江西省省會城市南昌市內(nèi)的主要內(nèi)河流撫河故道和玉帶河。因此,南昌內(nèi)河水質(zhì)處理工作顯得尤為重要。在各種修復技術(shù)中,原位生物修復技術(shù)正廣泛推行,由于直接投入菌株處理水體,菌體在河流中有易流失的缺點,從而大大的降低了混合菌對河流水質(zhì)的處理效率,而固定化微生物技術(shù)能很好的解決該問題。本文通過對南昌市主要內(nèi)河流撫河故道和玉帶河的水質(zhì)監(jiān)測分析,并從中篩選出硝化細菌與聚磷菌,在硝化菌、亞硝化菌、聚磷菌菌株最佳配比的基礎上選取較好的固定化載體固定優(yōu)勢菌株,同時研究其對模擬污水、實際內(nèi)河流中氨氮、總磷的處理效果,得到如下結(jié)果:(1)2011年11月至2012年10月對南昌市主要內(nèi)河流撫河故道、玉帶河的五個斷面進行監(jiān)測,五個斷面受污染較為嚴重,其中水體中的氨氮、總磷超標最為嚴重;(2)在實驗室分離培養(yǎng)出的硝化菌XH3對亞硝酸鹽氮的降解率最高達到100%,亞硝化菌YH3對氨氮的降解率達到82.75%,聚磷菌JP2對總磷的降解率達到58.57%,從而篩選出對水質(zhì)處理效果較好的優(yōu)勢菌株;(3)通過對優(yōu)勢菌株XH3、YH3、JP2的DNA的提取、PCR擴增、DNA測序、序列比對以及系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹的構(gòu)建,初步明確了三株優(yōu)勢菌株的分類學地位;(4)比較研究三種菌株配比下菌株對氨氮以及總磷的降解效果,發(fā)現(xiàn)菌株XH3、亞硝化菌YH3、聚磷菌JP2按照質(zhì)量比1:1:1的比例時,對氨氮、總磷的降解率達85%、22.86%;(5)比較研究海藻酸鈉+粉末活性炭固定法、PVA+添加劑固定法對模擬廢水的處理效果,發(fā)現(xiàn)兩種固定方法處理效果相近,兩種固定化方法制作的固定化顆粒對氨氮、總磷的降解率在24h后均能達到99%以上,但在固定化載體性能比較上,PVA+添加劑固定顆粒的機械性能較好。采用PVA+添加劑固定法制作固定化顆粒在曝氣的條件下,反應器中PVA+添加劑固定化顆粒在曝氣24h后對南昌市模擬內(nèi)河流中氨氮、總磷的降解效果分別能達到82.70%、79.27%。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urban industry and the aggravation of non-point source pollution, urban river pollution has become a serious pollution problem. For example, the capital city of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, the main internal rivers Fuhe Road and Yubanhe River. Therefore, Nanchang River water quality treatment is particularly important. Among all kinds of remediation technologies, in situ bioremediation technology is widely carried out. Because of direct use of bacteria to treat water, bacteria have the disadvantage of losing easily in rivers, which greatly reduces the efficiency of mixed bacteria in treating river water quality. Immobilized microorganism technology can solve this problem well. Through monitoring and analyzing the water quality of Fuhe River and Yubanhe River in Nanchang City, nitrifying bacteria and phosphorus accumulating bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and phosphorus accumulating bacteria were selected. On the basis of the optimum proportion of Phosphorus bacteria strains, a better immobilized carrier was selected to fix the dominant strains, and the effect of the immobilized carrier on the treatment of simulated sewage, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in the river was studied at the same time. The results are as follows: (1) from November 2011 to October 2012, five sections of Fuhe River in Nanchang City were monitored. (2) the highest degradation rate of nitrite nitrogen was obtained by nitrifying bacteria XH3 in laboratory, the degradation rate of ammonia nitrogen by nitrifying bacteria YH3 reached 82.75, and the degradation rate of total phosphorus by JP2 reached 58.57. The dominant strains were selected for water quality treatment. (3) the DNA of XH3,YH3,JP2 was extracted, PCR amplified, and DNA sequenced. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree construction, the taxonomic status of the three dominant strains was preliminarily determined. (4) the degradation effect of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus of the three strains was compared and studied. It was found that the degradation rate of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus reached 85 ~ 22.86 when the strain XH3, nitrite YH3, polyphosphorous bacteria JP2 was at 1:1:1. (5) the effect of sodium alginate powder activated carbon fixation method and PVA additive fixation method on the treatment of simulated wastewater was compared. It was found that the treatment effect of the two immobilization methods was similar. The degradation rate of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus of the immobilized particles made by the two immobilization methods could reach over 99% after 24 hours. But compared with the immobilized carrier, the mechanical properties of the immobilized particles with PVA additive are better. Under the condition of aeration, the immobilized particles made by PVA additive were immobilized in the reactor. After 24 hours of aeration, the immobilized particles of PVA additive could degrade ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in the simulated river of Nanchang city, respectively, and the degradation effect of total phosphorus could reach 82.70g / 79.27.
【學位授予單位】：江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X522;X172

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