【摘要】：黑碳是燃料不完全燃燒過程中形成的一種特殊的非均質(zhì)碳顆粒物質(zhì),因其具有較高的化學(xué)和生物惰性,在全球氣候和環(huán)境系統(tǒng)中具有重要意義,是當前國際地球和環(huán)境科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的焦點問題。燃燒條件和燃料來源的不同,使得黑碳的物理化學(xué)特性表現(xiàn)出高度的變異,其環(huán)境行為及環(huán)境效應(yīng)也具有明顯差異,因此對黑碳進行來源解析有利于弄清全球黑碳收支平衡,且能更清晰地認識其在不同環(huán)境介質(zhì)中的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化過程。重點概述了當前國內(nèi)外常用的幾種黑碳來源解析方法及其應(yīng)用的研究進展;同時提出了未來黑碳來源解析方法的發(fā)展方向。穩(wěn)定碳和放射性碳同位素分析是當前黑碳源解析中應(yīng)用最多的兩種方法,將這兩種方法結(jié)合不僅能提供更準確的黑碳來源信息,而且能定量估算化石源和生物質(zhì)源燃燒對黑碳的貢獻。多環(huán)芳烴特征標志物比值、黑碳/有機碳比值、苯多羧酸分子標志物比值法以及形態(tài)特征分析的方法都只能間接地判斷黑碳的來源,其方法的應(yīng)用有一定的局限性和不確定性。未來應(yīng)加強對不同介質(zhì)中δ~(13)C的分餾機制及不同排放源樣品黑碳的δ~(13)C和~(14)C值域"特征譜"的研究,進一步規(guī)范黑碳的分離和測定技術(shù);同時應(yīng)充分發(fā)揮不同分析技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢,聯(lián)合多種方法以獲取更多有關(guān)黑碳來源、傳輸和轉(zhuǎn)化過程的信息。
[Abstract]:Black carbon is a special heterogeneous carbon particle material formed during incomplete combustion of fuel. Because of its high chemical and biological inertia, black carbon is of great significance in global climate and environmental systems. It is the focal point in the field of international earth and environment science. Because of the difference of combustion conditions and fuel sources, the physicochemical properties of black carbon exhibit a high degree of variation, and its environmental behavior and environmental effects are also obviously different. Therefore, it is helpful to understand the balance of black carbon budget in the world by analyzing the sources of black carbon. Moreover, the process of migration and transformation in different environmental media can be understood more clearly. The research progress of several black carbon source resolution methods and their applications are summarized, and the development direction of black carbon source resolution methods in the future is put forward. Stable carbon and radioactive carbon isotope analysis are the two most widely used methods in black carbon source analysis. Combining these two methods can not only provide more accurate black carbon source information. Furthermore, the contribution of fossil and biomass combustion to black carbon can be quantitatively estimated. The ratio of characteristic markers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the ratio of black carbon to organic carbon, the molecular marker ratio of benzene polycarboxylic acid and the method of morphological analysis can only indirectly determine the origin of black carbon, and its application has some limitations and uncertainties. In the future, the fractionation mechanism of 未 ~ (13) C in different media and the "characteristic spectrum" of 未 ~ (13) C and ~ (14) C range of black carbon samples from different emission sources should be strengthened to further standardize the separation and determination techniques of black carbon, and the advantages of different analytical techniques should be brought into full play at the same time. Combine multiple methods to obtain more information about black carbon sources, transport, and conversion processes.
【作者單位】： 湖北理工學(xué)院環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院//礦區(qū)環(huán)境污染控制與修復(fù)湖北省重點實驗室;中國科學(xué)院地球環(huán)境研究所//黃土與第四紀地質(zhì)國家重點實驗室;中國地質(zhì)科學(xué)院水文地質(zhì)環(huán)境地質(zhì)研究所;西安交通大學(xué)全球環(huán)境變化研究院;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(41603117) 湖北理工學(xué)院引進人才項目(16xjz02R)
【分類號】：X51;X13

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