【摘要】：顆粒物和揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物是造成大氣空氣質(zhì)量下降的主要污染物,而且對(duì)人類(lèi)身體健康產(chǎn)生危害。本研究對(duì)沈陽(yáng)市不同功能區(qū)大氣環(huán)境中典型大氣污染物VOCs(芳香類(lèi)、烯烴類(lèi)等)、不同粒徑顆粒物(PM1、PM2.5、PM4、PM10)進(jìn)行了監(jiān)測(cè),并對(duì)不同氣象條件下污染物分布規(guī)律及組成進(jìn)行分析和討論;同時(shí)分析了顆粒物中水溶性離子和重金屬的分布狀況,并進(jìn)行來(lái)源解析。本研究旨在了解沈陽(yáng)市大氣污染現(xiàn)狀,以便為改善沈陽(yáng)市的大氣污染現(xiàn)狀提供科學(xué)借鑒。通過(guò)本文研究,得出如下結(jié)論:(1)沈陽(yáng)市VOCs含量變化范圍為61μL/m3~320μL/m3,工業(yè)與交通密集區(qū)監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)總VOCs濃度最高,居民區(qū)VOCs含量最低。沈陽(yáng)市大氣環(huán)境中的B/T別為1.15,說(shuō)明VOCs的排放受生物質(zhì)燃燒影響高于受機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)尾氣的影響。VOCs日變化受交通源和氣相因子影響大,早晚出行高峰出現(xiàn)濃度峰值,風(fēng)力增大,光照增強(qiáng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致?lián)]發(fā)性有機(jī)物濃度因擴(kuò)散遷移和光化學(xué)反應(yīng)而降低。(2)沈陽(yáng)市顆粒物濃度處于較高水平,PM2.5和PM10年均濃度分別為96.7μg/m3和128.3μg/m3。不同季節(jié)對(duì)比分析,四種粒徑的顆粒物濃度呈春季最高,夏季最低的規(guī)律。機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)尾氣導(dǎo)致細(xì)顆粒物濃度較高,生物質(zhì)、燃煤及道路揚(yáng)塵導(dǎo)致粗顆粒物濃度較高。顆粒物濃度與溫度呈正相關(guān),與濕度呈負(fù)相關(guān),與風(fēng)速相關(guān)性不明顯。(3)利用離子色譜法和原子吸收法分別對(duì)顆粒物中的水溶性離子和重金屬組分進(jìn)行研究,得出如下結(jié)論:PM10中SO42-、NO3-、Cl-、F-4種離子的含量均高于PM2.5,PM2.5和PM10中各離子濃度的關(guān)系為SO42-NO3-Cl-F-,離子總含量比例為7.63%、13.95%,PM2.5和PM10的NO3-/SO42-的質(zhì)量比分別為0.36、0.45,均小于1,說(shuō)明沈陽(yáng)市大氣環(huán)境中水溶性組分主要來(lái)自固定排放源。顆粒物中Zn和Pb波動(dòng)幅度較大,Cu和Cd含量穩(wěn)定。不同粒徑的顆粒物中重金屬濃度規(guī)律保持一致,即ZnPbCuCd,4種重金屬占PM2.5和PM10的質(zhì)量百分比為0.69%、1.23%。
[Abstract]:Particulate matter and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the main pollutants that cause the decrease of atmospheric air quality, and they are harmful to human health. In this study, VOCs (aromatic, olefin, etc.) and particle size (PM1,PM2.5,PM4,PM10) of typical atmospheric pollutants in different functional areas of Shenyang were monitored, and the distribution and composition of pollutants under different meteorological conditions were analyzed and discussed. At the same time, the distribution of water soluble ions and heavy metals in particulate matter was analyzed, and the source was analyzed. The purpose of this study is to understand the present situation of air pollution in Shenyang, and to provide scientific reference for improving the present situation of air pollution in Shenyang. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the range of VOCs content in Shenyang is 61 渭 L/m3~320 渭 L / m ~ (3). The concentration of total VOCs is the highest in the industrial and traffic dense area and the lowest in residential area. The B / T ratio in the atmospheric environment of Shenyang is 1.15, which indicates that the daily variation of VOCs emissions is more affected by biomass combustion than by vehicle exhaust. The diurnal variation of VOCs is greatly affected by traffic source and gas phase factor, and the peak of concentration appears in the morning and evening travel peak, and the wind increases. (2) the average annual concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 in Shenyang were 96.7 渭 g/m3 and 128.3 渭 g / m3, respectively. Compared with different seasons, the concentration of the four kinds of particles was the highest in spring and the lowest in summer. Vehicle exhaust resulted in higher concentration of fine particulate matter, biomass, coal combustion and road dust caused higher concentration of coarse particulate matter. The concentration of particulate matter was positively correlated with temperature, negatively correlated with humidity, and not significantly correlated with wind speed. (3) Water soluble ions and heavy metal components in particulate matter were studied by ion chromatography and atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively. It is concluded that the content of SO42-,NO3-,Cl-,F-4 species is higher than that of PM2.5,PM2.5 and PM10. The relationship between the content of SO42-NO3-Cl-F-, and the concentration of PM10 is that the ratio of total content of SO42-NO3-Cl-F-, to that of NO3-/SO42- of PM2.5 and PM10 is 0.36 0. 45 and less than 1, respectively, indicating that the water solubility in the atmosphere of Shenyang City is less than 1. The components are mainly from fixed emission sources. The contents of Cu and Cd were stable in Zn and Pb. The concentrations of heavy metals in different particle sizes were consistent, that is, the percentage of heavy metals of ZnPbCuCd,4 species to PM2.5 and PM10 was 0.69% and 1.23%, respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X51

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