【摘要】：近年來,由于地上土地資源的日益緊缺,大量的地下建筑在我國迅速興起。但其室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)問題卻日益顯現(xiàn),許多的調(diào)查研究表明地下建筑室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量明顯差于地上建筑。現(xiàn)有與室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)相關(guān)的一系列研究主要是針對(duì)地上建筑展開的,對(duì)地下建筑進(jìn)行的研究還相對(duì)較少;其次,ASHRAE標(biāo)準(zhǔn)62-1989中關(guān)于室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)的描述綜合考慮了客觀因素和人體的主觀感受兩方面,而目前國家室內(nèi)衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定污染物濃度限值主要從人員健康角度出發(fā),很少涉及室內(nèi)人員的主觀感受。有時(shí)人處于濃度并不超標(biāo)的室內(nèi)環(huán)境時(shí)仍然可能感到不舒服,因此,兼顧人員健康和人體滿意度兩個(gè)因素,對(duì)室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)理應(yīng)比較合理準(zhǔn)確。本文針對(duì)以上現(xiàn)存問題,以西安市主城區(qū)三類典型地下建筑(包括地下服飾城、地下美食城和地下電器城,每種類型地下建筑各四家)為對(duì)象,對(duì)其室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)進(jìn)行研究,主要研究方法和內(nèi)容如下:1.客觀分析:(1)對(duì)三種類型的地下建筑室內(nèi)具有代表性的污染物(包括CO、CO2、TVOC、HCHO和PM10)進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),分析其分布變化情況;(2)采用綜合污染指數(shù)法對(duì)各地下建筑的室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)進(jìn)行優(yōu)劣等級(jí)評(píng)價(jià)。2.主觀調(diào)查:通過問卷調(diào)查獲得各地下建筑室內(nèi)人員對(duì)空氣品質(zhì)的主觀滿意度評(píng)價(jià),并制定主觀滿意度評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)尺,獲得人員對(duì)室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)滿意度的投票值S。3.主客觀分析相結(jié)合:(1)將調(diào)查問卷所統(tǒng)計(jì)的人體滿意度投票值與各實(shí)測(cè)污染物濃度建立對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,并作散點(diǎn)圖;(2)通過origin軟件對(duì)散點(diǎn)圖進(jìn)行線性擬合和多項(xiàng)式擬合,通過比較得到人體滿意度與各污染物濃度之間的關(guān)系,進(jìn)而得到各污染物的人體滿意度限值;(3)運(yùn)用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度理論分析各單項(xiàng)污染物指標(biāo)對(duì)人體滿意度的影響比重。最后,通過以上研究得到如下結(jié)論:1、城市地下建筑室內(nèi)污染物種類較多且超標(biāo)普遍,其中較為突出的污染物為TVOC和PM10。2、采用綜合污染指數(shù)法對(duì)3類地下建筑室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià):地下服飾城污染最嚴(yán)重,地下美食城次之,地下電器城污染最輕。3、通過實(shí)際監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)合問卷調(diào)查,得到各污染物與人員對(duì)室內(nèi)空氣滿意度的關(guān)系(本文中人體滿意度與CO濃度并無明顯的函數(shù)關(guān)系),進(jìn)而得到了各污染物的人體滿意度限值:(1)CO2:0.096%(夏季)0.10%(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)A)0.112%(冬季)0.15%(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)B);(2)TVOC:0.60 mg/m3(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)A)0.794 mg/m3(夏季)0.809 mg/m3(冬季);(3)HCHO:0.081 mg/m3(冬季)0.088 mg/m3(夏季)0.10 mg/m3(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)A);(4)PM10:0.150 mg/m3(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)A)0.185 mg/m3(夏季)0.242 mg/m3(冬季);注:標(biāo)準(zhǔn)A為《室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)B為《人防工程平時(shí)使用環(huán)境衛(wèi)生要求》。4、通過灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析得到冬、夏季各污染物對(duì)人員滿意度的影響比重從大到小依次均為:HCHO、TVOC、CO2、PM10、CO。
[Abstract]:In recent years, due to the shortage of land resources on the ground, a large number of underground buildings have sprung up rapidly in China. However, the problem of indoor air quality has become increasingly prominent. Many investigations and studies show that the indoor air quality of underground buildings is significantly worse than that of above-ground buildings. Secondly, the description of indoor air quality in ASHRAE Standard 62-1989 considers both objective factors and subjective feelings of human body. At present, the limit of pollutant concentration in national indoor hygiene standards is mainly from the perspective of human health, and rarely involves indoor personnel. Sometimes people may still feel uncomfortable when they are in an indoor environment where the concentration does not exceed the standard. Therefore, it is reasonable and accurate to evaluate the indoor air quality considering the two factors of health and human satisfaction. The main research methods and contents are as follows: (1) Objective analysis: (1) To monitor and analyze the distribution of representative indoor pollutants (including CO, CO2, TVOC, HCHO and PM10) in three types of underground buildings. (2) Comprehensive pollution index method was used to evaluate the indoor air quality of underground buildings. 2. Subjective investigation: Through questionnaire survey, the subjective satisfaction evaluation of indoor air quality of underground building personnel was obtained, and the subjective satisfaction evaluation scale was drawn up, so as to obtain the personnel's input to the satisfaction degree of indoor air quality. Ticket S.3. Combining subjective and objective analysis: (1) Set up the corresponding relationship between the voting value of the questionnaire and the measured pollutant concentration, and make the scatter plot; (2) Linear fitting and polynomial fitting of the scatter plot by origin software, and get the relationship between the human satisfaction and the pollutant concentration by comparing. Finally, through the above research, the following conclusions are drawn: 1. There are many kinds of indoor pollutants in urban underground buildings, and the more prominent pollutants are TVOC and PM10.2. The comprehensive pollution index method was used to evaluate the indoor air quality of three types of underground buildings: the underground clothing city was the most polluted, the underground food city was the second, and the underground electrical appliance city was the least polluted. Explicit function relationship, and then obtained the limits of human satisfaction of each pollutants: (1) CO2: 0.096% (summer) 0.096% (summer) 0.10% (standard A) 0.112% (summer) 0.112% (winter) 0.112% (winter) 0.15% (standard B); (2) TVOC: 0.60 mg / m3 (standard A) 0.60mg / m3 (standard A) 0.794 mg / m3 (summer) 0.794 mg / m3 (summer) 0.794 mg / m3 (summer) 0.809 mg / m3 (winter); (3) HCHO: 0.081 mg / m3 (winter) 0.088 mg / m3 (summer) 0.10 mg / m3 (summer) 0.10 mg / m3 (summer) 0 Standard A) 0.1 85 mg/m3 (summer) 0.242 mg/m3 (winter); Note: Standard A is < Indoor Air Quality Standard > and Standard B is < Environmental Hygiene Requirements for Peacetime Use of Civil Air Defense Projects > 4. Through grey relational analysis, the influence proportion of pollutants on personnel satisfaction in winter and summer is HCHO, TVOC, CO2, PM10, CO.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU962;X823

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本文編號(hào)：2239598