我國環(huán)境影響評價工程師的倫理責任問題研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-12 06:54
【摘要】：工程師倫理責任問題是工程倫理學(xué)領(lǐng)域研究的核心問題。20世紀以來,人類已生活在由工程產(chǎn)品組成的“第二自然”之中,工程活動成為現(xiàn)代社會存在和發(fā)展的重要標志,環(huán)境問題自然而然地也成為社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展到一定階段的產(chǎn)物,環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟與社會的關(guān)系成為人類普遍關(guān)注的焦點。因此工程師的倫理責任范圍逐漸擴展到對公眾、環(huán)境以及人類的未來負責。但是我們必須清楚地認識到,工程師對社會所付的責任能力是有限的,即使工程師所掌握的技術(shù)力量不斷增強,這種責任的有限性也并未改變。工程是實踐活動,工程倫理是實踐倫理,實際的工程實施活動中,往往存在著工程師的權(quán)利與應(yīng)付責任的不對等,致使工程師的責任在工程實踐中很難具體的做出承付。一般意義上的工程師最主要的職責還是造物,是建造者,其工程活動的結(jié)果總是對環(huán)境造成一定程度的負面影響。他們的倫理責任最主要的是集中于安全生產(chǎn)責任、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量責任、忠誠于雇主的責任。有關(guān)其對公眾、對環(huán)境的責任的研究都還只是停留在表面的一般性的倫理原則問題上。由于環(huán)境問題是極其復(fù)雜的問題,一般意義上的工程師缺乏與環(huán)境保護相關(guān)的專業(yè)知識,因此他們對環(huán)境所承付的責任能力是非常有限的,要在真正意義上實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟建設(shè)與環(huán)境保護的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展需要借助于環(huán)境影響評價。環(huán)境影響評價貫徹“預(yù)防為主”的原則,從源頭防止環(huán)境污染與生態(tài)破壞,是我國實施可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的重要保障。環(huán)境影響評價工程師作為環(huán)境保護的專業(yè)技術(shù)人才,在新的時代背景下應(yīng)運而生,其工作的本質(zhì)屬性與職業(yè)角色決定了他們對環(huán)境所付的倫理責任任重而道遠,其內(nèi)容包括環(huán)境安全責任、可持續(xù)發(fā)展責任以及生態(tài)正義責任。但是在日益復(fù)雜的工程活動與利益的困擾面前,有章可循的環(huán)境影響評價法律法規(guī)及其制度對環(huán)評工程師的行為約束遠遠不夠,亟需倫理層面的規(guī)約。本論文結(jié)合云南具體的建設(shè)項目環(huán)境影響評價實例進行分析研究,一方面,有助于工程倫理學(xué)研究在實踐層面的推進；另一方面,從環(huán)境問題著手分析環(huán)境影響評價工程師的倫理責任,很大程度上緩解了一般工程師環(huán)境責任的困境；第三,環(huán)境影響評價工程師的倫理責任規(guī)約對保證我國環(huán)境影響評價工作的科學(xué)性、公平性、有效性無疑具有重大作用。
[Abstract]:Since the 20th century, human beings have lived in the "second nature" composed of engineering products, and engineering activities have become an important symbol of the existence and development of modern society. Environmental problems naturally become the result of the development of social economy to a certain stage, and the relationship between environment, economy and society has become the focus of universal attention. As a result, the ethical responsibilities of engineers are gradually extended to be responsible for the public, the environment and the future of mankind. But we must realize clearly that engineers' ability to take responsibility for society is limited, and even if the technical power of engineers is increasing, the limitation of this responsibility will not change. Engineering is a practical activity, and engineering ethics is a practical ethics. In practical engineering implementation activities, there is often an unequal relationship between the engineer's right and the responsibility to deal with it, resulting in the engineer's responsibility being difficult to make commitments in engineering practice. In general, the most important responsibility of engineers is the builders, whose engineering activities always result in a certain degree of negative impact on the environment. Their ethical responsibilities are mainly focused on safety responsibility, product quality responsibility, loyalty to the employer's responsibility. The study of its responsibility to the public and to the environment is still confined to superficial general ethical principles. Because environmental issues are extremely complex and engineers in general lack the expertise related to environmental protection, their capacity to assume responsibility for the environment is very limited. In order to realize the harmonious development of economic construction and environmental protection in a real sense, it is necessary to resort to environmental impact assessment. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) implements the principle of "prevention first" and prevents environmental pollution and ecological destruction from its source, which is an important guarantee for the implementation of sustainable development strategy in China. As professional and technical talents of environmental protection, environmental impact assessment engineers emerge as the times require. The nature of their work and their professional role determine that they have a long way to go in their ethical responsibilities to the environment. Its contents include environmental safety responsibility, sustainable development responsibility and ecological justice responsibility. However, in the face of the increasingly complex engineering activities and interests, the rules and regulations of environmental impact assessment (EIA) laws and regulations and the system of environmental impact assessment engineers' behavior constraints are far from enough. On the one hand, it is helpful to advance the research of engineering ethics in practice; on the other hand, it is helpful to carry out the environmental impact assessment of construction projects in Yunnan. The analysis of the environmental impact assessment engineer's ethical responsibility from the environmental problem alleviates the plight of the general engineer's environmental responsibility to a great extent; third, The rules of ethical responsibility of environmental impact assessment engineers play an important role in ensuring the scientific fairness and effectiveness of environmental impact assessment in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X820.3
本文編號：2238243
[Abstract]:Since the 20th century, human beings have lived in the "second nature" composed of engineering products, and engineering activities have become an important symbol of the existence and development of modern society. Environmental problems naturally become the result of the development of social economy to a certain stage, and the relationship between environment, economy and society has become the focus of universal attention. As a result, the ethical responsibilities of engineers are gradually extended to be responsible for the public, the environment and the future of mankind. But we must realize clearly that engineers' ability to take responsibility for society is limited, and even if the technical power of engineers is increasing, the limitation of this responsibility will not change. Engineering is a practical activity, and engineering ethics is a practical ethics. In practical engineering implementation activities, there is often an unequal relationship between the engineer's right and the responsibility to deal with it, resulting in the engineer's responsibility being difficult to make commitments in engineering practice. In general, the most important responsibility of engineers is the builders, whose engineering activities always result in a certain degree of negative impact on the environment. Their ethical responsibilities are mainly focused on safety responsibility, product quality responsibility, loyalty to the employer's responsibility. The study of its responsibility to the public and to the environment is still confined to superficial general ethical principles. Because environmental issues are extremely complex and engineers in general lack the expertise related to environmental protection, their capacity to assume responsibility for the environment is very limited. In order to realize the harmonious development of economic construction and environmental protection in a real sense, it is necessary to resort to environmental impact assessment. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) implements the principle of "prevention first" and prevents environmental pollution and ecological destruction from its source, which is an important guarantee for the implementation of sustainable development strategy in China. As professional and technical talents of environmental protection, environmental impact assessment engineers emerge as the times require. The nature of their work and their professional role determine that they have a long way to go in their ethical responsibilities to the environment. Its contents include environmental safety responsibility, sustainable development responsibility and ecological justice responsibility. However, in the face of the increasingly complex engineering activities and interests, the rules and regulations of environmental impact assessment (EIA) laws and regulations and the system of environmental impact assessment engineers' behavior constraints are far from enough. On the one hand, it is helpful to advance the research of engineering ethics in practice; on the other hand, it is helpful to carry out the environmental impact assessment of construction projects in Yunnan. The analysis of the environmental impact assessment engineer's ethical responsibility from the environmental problem alleviates the plight of the general engineer's environmental responsibility to a great extent; third, The rules of ethical responsibility of environmental impact assessment engineers play an important role in ensuring the scientific fairness and effectiveness of environmental impact assessment in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X820.3
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，本文編號：2238243
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