【摘要】：當前,我國土壤污染問題嚴重。多環(huán)芳烴(PAHs)已成為我國土壤中常見的一類高風(fēng)險有機污染物,土壤污染后,PAHs可通過土壤一植物系統(tǒng)進入食物鏈,嚴重威脅人群健康和生態(tài)安全。如何修復(fù)PAHs污染土壤、減低植物污染風(fēng)險?這是當前國內(nèi)外環(huán)境領(lǐng)域迫切需要著力解決的重大科技問題之一。已往研究表明,接種從枝菌根真菌(AMF)可減低植物地上部PAHs含量、提高PAHs污染土壤的根際修復(fù)效率,但對于其內(nèi)在機制,國內(nèi)外仍缺乏了解。球囊霉素相關(guān)土壤蛋白(GRSP)是由AMF菌絲產(chǎn)生并脫落進入土壤中的一類糖蛋白,可改善土壤通透性、提高土壤團聚體的穩(wěn)定性、利于植物生長。但迄今,GRSP在土壤中的分布及與PAHs的作用關(guān)系國內(nèi)外仍了解甚少,闡明這一問題,對于揭示AMF影響植物吸收PAHs和促進土壤中PAHs降解的本質(zhì)有重要意義。本文研究了不同土地利用方式下土壤中GRSP的含量差異及垂直分布特征;采用溫室盆栽實驗方法,分析了接種AMF對PAHs污染土壤中植物生長和GRSP含量的影響;初步探討了 GRSP與菲的結(jié)合作用。取得的主要成果如下:(1)研究了不同土地利用方式下土壤中GRSP含量及剖面分布特征。以南京市黃棕壤為例,采集了 5種土地利用方式(林地、草地、水稻田、茶園土和菜園土)下土壤樣品,測得供試土壤中總球囊霉素相關(guān)土壤蛋白(T-GRSP)含量為1.96～3.12 mg·g-1,占土壤有機碳量的12.5%～29.0%,所占比例隨土壤有機碳含量的增加而降低。相對于人為擾動較少的林地和草地,3種耕作土壤中T-GRSP和易提取球囊霉素相關(guān)土壤蛋白(EE-GRSP)含量低,0～40cm土層中T-GRSP含量隨著土層深度增加而降低,EE-GRSP未表現(xiàn)出顯著的垂直分布規(guī)律;土壤中T-GRSP含量與土壤有機碳含量極顯著正相關(guān),與土壤pH值顯著負相關(guān),EE-GRSP與土壤有機碳含量呈極顯著負相關(guān)。(2)分析了 AMF對PAHs污染土壤中植物生長和GRSP含量的影響。供試AMF為密色無梗囊霉(A.s)、摩西球囊霉(G.m)、根內(nèi)球囊霉(G.i)、幼套球囊霉(Ge)、縮球囊霉(Gc),供試植物為紫花苜蓿。接種AMF促進了植物莖葉和根的生長,但不同AMF對植物生物量的促進程度存在差異。其中G.i組促進效果最佳,A.s組效果最弱。隨著培養(yǎng)時間延長,不接種AMF對照組(CK)和接種Gi組的土壤中EE-GRSP和T-GRSP含量增大,G.i組EE-GRSP和T-GRSP含量為4.13和2.13 mg·g-1,分別是30d時二者含量的3.93和4.65倍。90d時,各處理土壤中T-GRSP和EE-GRSP含量大小有相同的趨勢,均表現(xiàn)為G.iG.eG.mG.cA.sCK,G.i組EE-GRSP含量為1.33 mg·g-1,是對照組含量(0.79mg-g-1)的1.7倍,A.s組含量最低,為0.87mg-g-1。Gi、G.e、G.m、G.c 和 A.s 組產(chǎn)生的 T-GRSP 含量分別為 4.61、4.07、3.27、3.46 和 2.90 mg·g-1,對照組含量為2.30 mg·g-1,其中G.i組是對照組含量的2倍,A.s組含量略高于對照組。接種AMF能增加植物對土壤中菲的積累,其中G.i組植物體內(nèi)菲含量高于另外4種AMF處理。接種AMF提高了 土壤中PAHs的去除效率,其中,G.i組和G.c組處理的土壤中菲的降解率均在97%以上,A.s組的菲降解效果最差。侵染率、T-GRSP和植物體內(nèi)菲含量均與土壤中菲殘留含量顯著負相關(guān),T-GRSP分別與侵染率正相關(guān)、與植物中菲含量顯著正相關(guān)。(3)初步探討了水中GRSP與菲的結(jié)合規(guī)律。GRSP對菲的結(jié)合等溫線能用Langmuir方程較好地擬合,結(jié)合屬于單分子層結(jié)合模式。水溶液中GRSP對菲的結(jié)合量隨時間的延長而逐漸增加,24 h后結(jié)合基本達到平衡,結(jié)合過程符合準二級動力學(xué)模型,平衡結(jié)合量為44.26 μ·mg-1。溶液pH值對GRSP結(jié)合菲有較大影響,當溶液pH=4時,菲的平衡結(jié)合量最小;隨著溶液酸性減弱,菲的結(jié)合逐漸增強,當pH=6時,GRSP對菲的結(jié)合量達到最大54.19μg·mg-1,當pH超過7后,隨著溶液堿性的增強,結(jié)合量逐漸減小。溶液中Ca~(2+)濃度越大,菲的結(jié)合量越小。
[Abstract]:At present, the problem of soil pollution is serious in China. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have become a common high-risk organic pollutant in China's soil. After soil pollution, PAHs can enter the food chain through soil-plant system, which seriously threatens the health and ecological safety of the population. Previous studies have shown that inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can reduce PAHs content in aerial parts of plants and improve the rhizosphere remediation efficiency of PAHs-contaminated soils. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the underlying mechanism. Ballomycin-related soil protein (GRSP) is produced by AMF mycelia. A group of glycoproteins that grow and fall into the soil can improve soil permeability, improve the stability of soil aggregates and facilitate plant growth. However, the distribution of GRSP in the soil and the relationship between GRSP and PAHs are still poorly understood at home and abroad. The difference of GRSP content and its vertical distribution in soil under different land use patterns were studied. The effects of AMF inoculation on plant growth and GRSP content in PAHs contaminated soil were analyzed by pot experiment in greenhouse. The combined effects of GRSP and phenanthrene were preliminarily discussed. GRSP content and profile distribution characteristics in soils under different land use patterns were studied. Soil samples under five land use patterns (forest land, grassland, paddy field, tea garden soil and vegetable garden soil) were collected. The total content of T-GRSP in tested soils was 1.96-3.12 mg g-1, accounting for soil organic matter. The content of T-GRSP and EE-GRSP in three tillage soils were lower than that in forests and grasslands with less disturbance, and the content of T-GRSP in 0-40 cm soil layer decreased with the increase of soil depth, but EE-GRSP did not show significant difference. (2) The effects of AMF on plant growth and GRSP content in PAHs-contaminated soil were analyzed. AMF was A.s., G.m. The growth of alfalfa was promoted by inoculating AMF, but the promotion degree of AMF on plant biomass was different. The effect of G. I was the best, A. s was the weakest. With the extension of culture time, no AMF control group (CK) and inoculation were used. The contents of EE-GRSP and T-GRSP in the soil of G I group increased. The contents of EE-GRSP and T-GRSP in G.i group were 4.13 and 2.13 mg.g-1, respectively, which were 3.93 and 4.65 times as high as those in 30 days. The contents of T-GRSP and EE-GRSP in the soil of all treatments had the same trend. The contents of EE-GRSP in G.eG.mG.cA.sCK and EE-GRSP in G.i group were 1.33 mg.g-1 and 0.30 mg. The content of T-GRSP in A.s, G.e, G.m, G.c and A.s groups were 4.61, 4.07, 3.27, 3.46 and 2.90 m g.g-1, respectively, and that in control group was 2.30 m g.g-1. Among them, the content in G.i group was twice that in control group, and that in A.s group was slightly higher than that in control group. Among them, the content of phenanthrene in plants of G.i group was higher than that of other four AMF treatments. AMF inoculation improved the removal efficiency of PAHs in soil. The degradation rates of phenanthrene in soil of G.i group and G.c group were all above 97%, and that of phenanthrene in A.s group was the worst. The binding isotherms of GRSP to phenanthrene can be well fitted by Langmuir equation. The binding amount of GRSP to phenanthrene in aqueous solution increases with time, and then increases after 24 hours. The binding process accorded with quasi-second-order kinetic model, and the equilibrium binding amount was 44.26u mg-1. The pH value of the solution had a great influence on the equilibrium binding amount of phenanthrene to GRSP. When the pH value of the solution was 4, the equilibrium binding amount of phenanthrene was the smallest; with the decrease of the acidity of the solution, the binding amount of phenanthrene gradually increased, and when the pH value was 6, the binding amount of GRSP to phenanthrene reached 54.19 UG When the concentration of Ca~ (2+) in the solution increases, the amount of phenanthrene binding decreases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53

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